Voсabulary

blast furnace - доменная печь

to smelt - плавить, выплавлять

haematite - красный железняк, гематит

magnetite - магнетит, магнитный железняк

refractory - огнеупорный, огнеупор, огнеупорный материал

lined - футерованный

dressed - обработанный

coke - кокс

flux - флюс

limestone - известняк

cast iron - чугун

to obtain - получать

tuyere - фурма

pig iron - чугун в чушках

tar - деготь

blast - дутье, форсированная тяга

Exercise 2.Answer the following questions.

1.What is blast furnace used for?

2.How is CO obtained in blast furnace?

3.What is an appearance of blast furnace?

4.Why are hydrocarbons added to the blast in most blast furnaces?

5.What alloys does blast furnace produce?

Exercise 3.Put questions to the bold-typed words.

1. Blast furnace is a furnace forsmelting haematite (Fe₂O₃).

2. The conversion of the iron oxides to metallic iron is a reduction process.

3. In most blast furnaces hydrocarbons (oil, gas, tar, etc.) are added to the blast to provide a source of hydrogen.

4. The reduction process can proceed at a lower temperature.

5. The pig iron contains about 4%of carbon.

6. Further refining is usually required to produce steel or cast iron.

7. The furnace is a tall refractory-lined cylindrical structure.

Exercise 4.Give the equivalents for the following words and make up sentences with them: refractory, lined, dressed, ore, magnetite, furnace, blast, reduction, hydrocarbon, to smelt, flux, tar, limestone.

Exercise 5.Put the following words in the gaps: blast furnace, to obtain, reduction, hydrocarbons, cast iron, pig iron, refractory.

1. To take out the metal we have melted iron ore in… .

2. We have converted iron oxide to metallic iron by … .

3. Pig iron can be … at high - temperature melting.

4. … is a hard type of iron that does not bend easily.

5. … is a form of iron that is not pure.

6. There are various … found in natural gas and petrol.

7. … materials are fire-resistant materials.

Exercise 6.Guess the concept based on the definition.

1. A substance that allows heat or electricity to pass through it.

2. A colorless gas that is the lightest of all chemical elements. It combines with oxygen to form water.

3. A yellow precious metal which is used for making coins, jewellery, ornaments.

4. The smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

5. A strong hard metal that is made of the mixture of iron and carbon.

6. A chemical element found in all living organisms and existing in a pure state as graphite or diamond.

Exercise 7.Put the following sentences into Passive.

1. Yesterday we bought a new blast furnace.

2. Now we are testing new equipment.

3. We added hydrocarbons to the blast to provide a source of hydrogen.

4. We used new technique to increase the yield of hydrocarbons.

Exercise 8. Make the summary of the text: “Blast furnace” from Ex. 1.