The Function of the Infinitive
Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова
Физический факультет
Кафедра английского языка
Коваленко И.Ю.
Использование инфинитива и инфинитивных
Конструкций в научной речи
Методическая разработка по грамматике
Москва
2002 год
Infinitive
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | to make | to be made |
| Continuous | to be making | – |
| Perfect | to have made | to have been made |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been making | – |
The Function of the Infinitive
| 1. subject To carry out such experiments seems nearly impossible. | Проводить такие эксперименты кажется почти невозможным. |
| 2. predicative Our task is to do this work properly. | Наша задача заключается в том, чтобы сделать эту работу должным образом. |
| 3. part of a compound verbal predicate The question of the procedure is yet to be settled. | Вопросы о методе еще нужно (предстоит) решить |
| 4. object Wetry to minimize the old disadvantages | Мы стараемся свести к минимуму ранее имевшиеся недостатки. |
| 5. attribute He was the first to realize the difficulty of the situation The conference to be held in May is very important. There are some other phenomena to be considered. | Он был первым, кто осознал трудность положения. (Он первым осознал трудность положения) Конференция, которая будет проведена в мае, - очень важная. Существуют другие явления, которые необходимо рассмотреть. |
| 6. adverbial modifier a) of purpose (In order) to solve this complicated problem we must work hard. The form of the equation should be simple so as be useful for the calculation. | а) (Для того) чтобы решить эту сложную проблему, мы должны упорно работать. Форма управления должна быть простой, чтобы быть удобной для расчетов. |
| b) of result The problem is too intricate to solve (to be solved) in the near future. The experiment proceeded as usual to give good evidence in support of our theory This method is not accurate enough to give reliable results. The method was so complicated as to give only little result. It is such a small error as to be easily neglected. | b) Проблема слишком сложная, чтобы можно было решить в ближайшем будущем. Эксперимент проходил как обычно, давая хорошие доказательства в поддержку нашей теории. Этот метод недостаточно точен, чтобы дать (чтобы он мог дать) надежные результаты. Этот метод был настолько сложен, что давал (мог дать) только незначительный результат. Эта такая незначительная погрешность, что ею можно легко пренебречь. |
| 7. parenthesis To begin with, no general method will be given here. To be sure, all solutions to problems are conditional. To sum up, the data presented by these authors are quite reliable. | Для начала, следует сказать, что никакого общего метода здесь дано не будет. Очевидно (безусловно), все решения проблем являются условными. Подводя итог, следует сказать, что данные, представленные этими авторами, вполне надежны. |
Mind the translation of the following verbs and word-combinations in the function of parenthesis.
to anticipate-забегая вперед, следует сказать, что…
to be sure-конечно, несомненно
to begin with-начнем с того, что…;прежде всего, для начала
needless to say-нечего и говорить; не стоит и говорить; само собой разумеется
not to mention-не говоря уже о…
to mention only (one)-не говоря о других; мы упоминаем только
to put (it) in another way-другими словами
to put it more exactly-точнее говоря
to say the least-не говоря большего; по меньшей мере
to say nothing of-не говоря о
so to say-так сказать
suffice it to say-достаточно сказать, что…
to sum up-суммируя (в заключение) следует сказать, что…
to summarize-подводя итог, следует сказать, что…
that is to say-то есть, иначе говоря
to tell the truth-по правде говоря
to take the example-приведем примеры; например
Translate into Russian.
1. To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible.
2. This does, to be sure, simplify the measurements somewhat.
3. We attempted to carry out this investigation.
4. To perform this work one must have all the necessary equipment.
5. With these conditions there are also opposing factors to be considered.
6. It is too urgent a matter to be postponed.
7. some molecules are large enough to be seen on the electron microscope.
8. He was the first to focus attention on this type of reaction.
9. To judge by the results obtained the postulate of these workers proved correct.
10. Our purpose here is to attempt to give an answer to the unsolved problem outlined at the outset.
11. More evidence is needed to bridge the existing gap between experiment and theory.
12. To ensure effective research work the laboratory must have a staff of efficient workers and up-to-date facilities.
13. In order to understand the procedure, consider the following analogy.
14. The effect is too small to be detected.
15. To sum up, there are two feature of atomic structure, which we must bear in mind.
16. In order to exchange views and information scientists should meet regularly.
17. The device is sufficiently precise to satisfy our needs.
18. To have included all these works in this preliminary paper would have been to great and too difficult a task.
19. He felt that the only thing to do was to study their methods and ideas.
20. For him, obstacles existed only to be overcome.
21. And to conclude, the problem under discussion is of great practical.
22. To summarize the findings of this tremendous work would require many pages.
23. It is this type of change which is particularly to be avoided.
24. Incidentally, it is convenient to introduce the following abbreviations.
25. Under this circumstances the computer cannot be made to function.
26. To be sure, much of this work was initiated from actual applications.
27. The theory to be developed only aims at verifying the above discussions but is not sufficiently detailed to give a complete description.
28. It is important to know the basic principle to be observed in the desingn and use of optical equipment.
29. This is just the result to be expected from the discussion.
30. The method to be followed has both advantages and disadvantages.
31. In this context it is important to note that the experiment deviates in some parameters from the ideal situation.
32. Here we try to cover such methods, which are of more general importance to investigate qualitative properties.
33. The same argument can be applied to understand the nature of this phenomenon.
34. The purpose of this review is to make this knowledge accessible to a large number of scientists.