Informatics: object, tasks and basic concepts of discipline
COMPUTER HARDWARE/SOFTWARE BASICS
Lecture # 1
Plan:
1. Informatics: object, tasks and basic concepts of discipline
2. Computer architecture
3. Computer Software
4. Operating System Windows XP
Informatics is the science of information general properties, the engineering of information systems. Informatics studies the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process, access and communicate information. It also develops its own conceptual and theoretical foundations and utilizes foundations developed in other fields.
Since the advent of computers, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics that has computational, cognitive and social aspects, including study of the social impact of information technologies.
The French term informatique was coined in 1962 by Philippe Dreyfus as a combination of "information" and "automatique" to describe the science of automating information interactions.
In English-speaking countries, this term Informatics corresponds to a synonym for computer science.
Russian scientist Alexander Mikhailov advocated the Russian term informatika (1966) as name for the theory of scientific information, and argued for a broader meaning, including study of the use of information technology in various communities (for example, scientific) and of the interaction of technology and human organizational structures.
Informatics in the broadest sense is a unity of diverse branches of science, technology and production, that are related to information processing mainly with the help of computers and telecommunications connections in all spheres of human activity. In the narrow sense informatics consists of three interrelated parts: hardware, software, intelligent tools (brainware). In turn, the informatics as a whole and every part of it is usually considered from different perspectives: as a branch of the national economy, as an applied discipline, as a fundamental science.
Informatics as an applied discipline, has been studying the patterns in information processing (storage, processing, distribution), the creation of information models of communication in various fields of human activity.
The main objects of science are:
information;
computers;
information systems.
General theoretical foundations of computer science:
information;
numeral systems;
encoding;
algorithms.
The structure of modern science:
Theoretical Computer Science;
Computer Engineering;
Programming;
Information systems;
Artificial Intelligence.
Мы изучаем дисциплину “Экономическая информатика», однако вместо аналогичного термина в английском языке присутствует:
Business informatics (BI) or organizational informatics is a discipline that integrates core elements from the disciplines business administration, information systems and computer science into one field. The BI discipline was created in Germany. This discipline studies information systems used for decision-making in management, economics and business.
The objects of Business informatics are the information systems that provide effective solutions to business and organizational problems arising in economic systems.
The task of discipline - the study of the theoretical foundations of computer science and apply skills to use economic data processing systems and systems software for personal computers and computer networks.
Information System it is a set of software and hardware tools, techniques and people who provide collection, storage, processing and delivery of data for the preparation and decision-making. The basic components of information systems used in the economy include: software and hardware, business applications and management information systems. Information Systems Appointment - to create a modern information infrastructure to manage the company.
The subject of discipline – technologies and methods for information processes automation with the use of economic data.
The problem of discipline - the study of the theoretical foundations of computer science and obtaining the skills of using economic data processing systems and software systems for personal computers and computer networks.