Features of accidents and disasters by fire and explosive

Опалубка для монолитного строительства

Многоэтажное строительство

Монолитное строительство с использованием несъемной опалубки из ячеистобетонных блоков

Монолитное строительство с использованием несъемной опалубки из арболита

 

 

 

Complications of technological processes increasing the area of building objects of national economy increase their fire risk.

For explosive, fire-explosive danger and fire danger facilities are divided into categories A, B, C, D, E and K.

A - refineries, chemical plants, pipelines, storage of petroleum products;

B - shops of production and means of transportation of coal dust, wood flour, powdered sugar, flour mill

C - sawmills, woodworking, carpentry, furniture production.

Objects other categories are less dangerous.

 

The consequences of fires and explosions on the facilities are determined by damage factors. As a result of fire such damage factors occure:

· open fire and sparks

· high temperature environment and objects

· toxic products of combustion, smoke, oxygen deficiency,

· danger of getting under the falling debris of building structures, machinery, equipment and so on.

 

The explosion occurs: airblast and debris field generated by fragments of objects that explode and disintegrate.

 

Fires, explosions of these fires are traditionally dangerous for Ukraine. Today, fire of buildings and facilities for production, housing, welfare and cultural facilities are the most common disaster.

During fires and explosions, people receive thermal (burns body, upper respiratory tract, eyes) and mechanical damage (fractures, bruise, head injuries, shrapnel wounds, and combined damages).

 

Principles of firefighting are based on the principal routes of stopping the burning:

Insulation of the combustion zone of oxygen

Reduce the speed of heat-reduction.

Increasing rate of heat transfer from the reaction zone oxidation.

The main prerequisite for this is to reduce the combustion temperature to below the temperature combustion.

 

This is achieved by adhering to four famous principles of termination of the burning:

1) cooling the reactants,

2) isolation of the combustion zone,

3) dilution of the reactants to the non-flammable concentrations or concentrations that do not support combustion

4) Chemical inhibition of the combustion reaction.

 

For this purpose various extinguishing substance, whose properties are described in detail and classified in a special book are used. The main methods of stopping combustion are presented in Table. 3.