Уровень освещённости для различных водных растений в аквариуме 1 страница

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

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Таблица калорийности ягод и фруктов

Таблица. Жизненные формы высших растений.

С 11 ноября 2013 года.

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№	название вида	семейство	жизненная форма по И. Г. Серебрякову	жизненная форма по Раункиеру
	Adoxa moschatellina	Adoxaceae	столонообразующий травянистый поликарпик	геофит

Продукт (100 граммов)	Белки (граммов)	Жиры (граммов)	Углеводы (граммов)	Килокалорий
Абрикосы	0.9	0.0	10.5
Айва	0.6	0.0	8.9
Алыча	0.2	0.0	7.4
Ананас	0.4	0.0	11.8
Апельсин	0.9	0.0	8.4
Арбузы	0.5	0.2	6.0
Бананы	1.5	0.0	22.0
Брусника	0.7	0.0	8.6
Виноград	1.0	1.0	18.0
Вишня	0.8	0.0	11.3
Голубика	1.0	0.0	7.7
Гранат	0.9	0.0	11.8
Грейпфрут	0.9	0.0	7.3
Груша	0.4	0.0	10.7
Ежевика	2.0	0.0	5.3
Инжир	0.7	0.0	13.9
Кизил	1.0	0.0	9.7
Клубника, земляника	1.2	0.0	8.0
Клюква	0.5	0.0	4.8
Крыжовник	0.7	0.0	9.9
Лимон	0.9	0.0	3.6
Малина	0.8	0.0	9.0
Мандарин	0.8	0.0	8.6
Морошка	0.8	0.0	6.8
Облепиха	0.9	0.0	5.5
Персики	0.6	0.0	16.0
Рябина красная	1.4	0.0	12.5
Рябина черноплодная	1.5	0.0	12.0
Слива садовая	0.8	0.0	9.9
Смородина белая	0.3	0.0	8.7
Смородина красная	0.6	0.0	8.0
Смородина черная	1.0	0.0	8.0
Финики	2.5	0.0	72.1
Хурма	0.5	0.0	15.9
Черешня	1.1	0.0	12.3
Черника	1.1	0.0	8.6
Шелковица	0.7	0.0	12.7
Шиповник свежий	1.6	0.0	24.0

1. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:

a) in vitro

b) in vivo

c) callus

d) explant

e) in situ

2. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:

a) callus

b) explant

c) regenerate

d) clon

e) locus

3. Reduction cells division:

a) meiosis

b) mitosis

c) kinesis

d) telophase

e) amitosis

4. Division of somatic cells:

a) mitosis

b) amitosis

c) meiosis

d) transcription

e) interphase

5. Interconnection of organs with each other:

a) correlation

b) competence

c) determinative

d) cryoprotection

e) sublimation

6. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:

a) totipotency

b) differentiation

c) regeneration

d) complementarity

e) induction

7. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:

a) regenerant

b) explant

c) intron

d) embryoid

e) metabolite

8. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:

a) 1902 y.

b) 1899 y.

c) 1914 y.

d) 1907 y.

e) 1900 y.

9. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:

a) G.Gaberlandt

b) K.Rehinger

c) V.Robbins

d) E.Davidson

e) F.White

10. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?

a) K.Rehinger

b) G.Gaberlandt

c) Т.Murasige

d) F.Skug

e) F.White

11. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:

a) G.Gaberlandt

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbinson

d) Т.Murasige

e) F.White

12. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:

a) Knop

b) White

c) Gamborg

d) Hogland

e) Sniders

13. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:

a) moistured sand

b) agar medium

c) liquid medium

d) different media

e) firm surface

14. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:

a) German scientists

b) alchemists

c) Russian scientists

d) scientists from different countries

e) English scientists

15. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:

a) frog’s neuroblast

b) callus tissue

c) potato’s cells

d) cell’s embryoid

e) frog’s lymphoblast

16. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:

a) F.White

b) E.Davidson

c) V.Robbins

d) V.Kotte

e) G.Gaberlandt

17. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:

a) R.Gotre

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbins

d) Т.Murasige

e) D.Wotson

18. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:

a) F.Skug

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbins

d) Т.Murasige

e) D.Wotson

19. Substances, stimulating cellular division:

a) cytokinines

b) auxins

c) vitamins

d) macroelements

e) microelements

20. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:

a) Murasige-Skug

b) White

c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt

d) Nich and Nich

e) Gamborg-Evelang

21. Growth stimulating substance:

a) kinetin

b) mesoinosit

c) vitamin

d) bichromate

e) carbogel

22. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:

a) suspension

b) tumor

c) callus

d) clonal

e) somatic

23. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?

a) 1944

b) 1930

c) 1980

d) 1934

e) 1994

24. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?

a) 1975

b) 1955

c) 1995

d) 2001

e) 1948

25. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?

a) M.Aithozhin

b) G.Ualihanov

c) S.Columbaev

d) А.Udel’skaya

e) Zh.Zhardemaliev

26. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:

a) callus

b) strain

c) suspension

d) explant

e) intron

27. Plant, received from cell culture:

a) regenerate

b) explant

c) totypotent

d) strain

e) sort

28. Basic components of nutrient medium vitamins of:

a) group В

b) group А

c) group D

d) nicotinic acid

e) folic acid

29. Components of nutrient medium, assisting in regulation of plants physiological processes:

a) phytohormones

b) carbohydrates

c) iron helate

d) pectin

e) gelatin

30. For normal growth and progress of plants it is necessary such level of pH:

a) 5-6

b) 4-5

c) 6-8

d) 2-4

e) 9-12

31. For preparation of firm nutrient media necessary:

a) agar

b) potassium

c) phytohormone

d) auxin

e) carbonate

32. Optimal temperature for cultivation of plants’ cells:

a) 25-32 ^оС

b) 38-40^оС

c) 15-25 ^оС

d) 5-10^оС

e) 45-65 ^оС

33. External factors, influencing on process of cells cultivation:

a) light

b) heat

c) cool

d) darkness

e) gas

34. Cell, deprived of cell wall:

a) protoplast

b) leucoplast

c) chromoplast

d) liposome

e) lysosome

35. Fragment of plant or piece of the tissue:

a) explant

b) callus

c) passage

d) suspension

e) protoplast

36. Cell’s specialization:

a) differentiation

b) redifferentiation

c) dedifferentiation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

37. Transition of specialized cells to proliferation:

a) differentiation

b) differentiation

c) translation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

38. Transition of transplantation of callus in nutrient medium:

a) passage

b) transformation

c) inoculum

d) proliferation

e) fermentation

39. Part of suspension culture, used for passaging on fresh nutrient medium:

a) inoculum

b) passage

c) proliferation

d) maceration

e) cristalization

40. Nutrient media for cultivation of cells and tissues of plants are media:

a) multicomponent

b) single-component

c) natural

d) two-component

e) organic

41. Source of carbohydrates in media are:

a) sucrose

b) ribose

c) deoxyribose

d) galactose

e) tetrose

42. New formation of cells and tissues by reproduction of legacy cells and tissues:

a) proliferation

b) differentiation

c) correlation

d) meiosis

e) degradation

43. Process of formation of callus called:

a) callus formation

b) histogenesis

c) rhyzogenesis

d) gemmogenesis

e) cytocinesis

44. Complex of processes, leading to distinction between maternal and filial cells, and also between filial cells:

a) differentiation

b) redifferentiation

c) dedifferentiation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

45. Special type of tissue, formed on whole plant in result of its wound:

a) callus

b) meristem

c) apex

d) cambium

e) parenchyma

46. Aggregate of reactions connected to transcription and translation:

a) processing

b) biosynthesis

c) correlation

d) dissimilation

e) assimilation

47. Since which period begin interphase period:

a) G₁

b) S

c) G₂

d) G₀

e) R₁

48. Acquisition by cell conditions of readiness to realization of defined hereditary properties:

a) determination

b) complementarity

c) differentiation

d) proliferation

e) variability

49. Ability of cell to perceive inductive influence and to react specific on it by changing of development:

a) competence

b) callus formation

c) mytosis

d) meiosis

e) translation

50. The basic of structure of biological membranes are performed by:

a) bilayer of phospholipids

b) amino acids

c) triple layer of proteins

d) bilayer of carbohydrates

e) double helix of DNA

51. Which two periods make up life-cycle of cell?

a) interphase and mitotic

b) anaphase and telophase

c) interphase and anaphase

d) telophase and interphase

e) prophase and mitotic

52. At meiosis of cell first occurs:

a) division of nucleus

b) division of cytoplasm

c) formation of partition

d) division of ribosome

e) division of mitochondrion

53. The longest phase of mitosis is:

a) prophase

b) telophase

c) metaphase

d) anaphase

e) all phases take the same time

54. The shortest phase of mitosis is:

a) anaphase

b) telophase

c) metaphase

d) prophase

e) all phases take the same time

55. Which ions are necessary for existence of cells?

a) of sodium and potassium

b) of calcium and sodium

c) of magnesium and potassium

d) of magnesium and sodium

e) of calcium and magnesium

56. Living cells are systems:

a) open

b) closed

c) circled

d) isolated

e) half-opened

57. Amino acids in protein molecule connected between each other by which kind of connection:

a) peptide

b) hydrogen

c) ionic

d) covalent

e) disulphide

58. Indicate peptide bond:

a) -СОNH-

b) -COOH-

c) -NH₂

d) -CH-

e) - CH₂OH –

59. Basic structure units of protein are:

a) amino acids

b) fat acids and glycerine

c) glucose and fructose

d) dicarboxylic acids

e) nucleosides

60. Sedimentation of particles under power of gravity:

a) sedimentation

b) sensabilization

c) flocculation

d) coagulation

e) osmosis

61. 6-furfurilaminopurine:

a) cynetin

b) zeatine

c) auxin

d) glycine

e) pyroxene

62. Number of phases of growing of callus tissues:

a) 6

b) 4

c) 7

d) 2

e) 9

63. First phase of growing of callus cells:

a) latent

b) logarithmic

c) stationary

d) dead

e) linear

64. Third phase of growing of callus cells:

a) linear

b) logarithmic

c) stationary

d) dead

e) latent

65. Fifth phase of growing of callus cells:

a) stationary

b) logarithmic

c) linear

d) dead

e) latent

66. Exponential phase called another:

a) logarithmic

b) linear

c) stationary

d) dead

e) latent

67. Process of organs, tissues and cells formation:

a) morphogenesis

b) parthenogenesis

c) embryogenesis

d) rhyzogenesis

e) gemmogenesis

68. Increasing the number of genes in genome:

a) amplification

b) replification

c) differentiation

d) callus

e) mitosis

69. Part of DNA molecule:

a) gene

b) locus

c) chromosome

d) lysosome

e) protein

70. Gene collection:

a) gen

b) phenotype

c) chromosome

d) site

e) diploid

71. Formation tissue:

a) meristem

b) parenchyme

c) callus

d) root

e) bud

72. High ratio auxin/cytokinin causes:

a) rhyzogenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) histogenesis

d) cytogenesis

e) callus genesis

73. Low ratio auxin/cytokinin conducive to:

a) gemmogenesis

b) rhyzogenesis

c) histogenesis

d) cytogenesis

e) callus genesis

74. Formative tissue, forming others:

a) meristem

b) embryoid

c) parenchyma

d) callus

e) proliferation

75. Formation of germ-like structures:

a) embryoidogenesis

b) rhyzophilogenesis

c) gemmogenesis

d) phylogenesis

e) ontogenesis

76. As a result of morphogenesis formed:

a) regenerant

b) callus

c) strain

d) explant

e) embryoid

77. Types of plants, took in space by Kazakhstan cosmonauts:

a) wheat

b) melon

c) potato

d) nightshade

e) carrot

78. With cells of which plant cosmonauts made experiments:

a) corn

b) oats

c) apricot

d) potato

e) tomato

79. First stage of clonal reproduction:

a) bringing of explants in culture

b) reproduction in fact

c) establishment of duplicated bines

d) planting of plants in soil

e) cells cultivation

80. Plant, receiving by asexual, i.e. vegetative reproduction:

a) clone

b) callus

c) regenerant

d) explant

e) animal unit

81. Asexual reproduction in culture of cells and tissues, at which arising plants genetically identical to initial sample:

a) clonal

b) amitotic

c) mitotic

d) meiotic

e) budding

82. Forth stage of clonal reproduction:

a) planting of plants in soil

b) introduction of explants in culture

c) rooting of duplicated bines

d) reproduction

e) cells cultivation

83. Form of variety of gene:

a) allele

b) albinism

c) beccross

d) locus

e) site

84. Spare buds:

a) adventive

b) haploid

c) diploid

d) procariotic

e) apex

85. Loosing of pigment by organism:

a) albinism

b) beccross

c) vector

d) colorblindness

e) destruction

86. Induction of haploids in culture of male and female gametophyte called:

a) androgenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) rhyzogenesis

d) gynogenesis

e) organogenesis

87. Induction of haploids in culture of female gametophyte called:

a) gynogenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) rhyzogenesis

d) androgenesis

e) organogenesis

88. False fertilization, at which embryo developed from unfertilized ovule:

a) pseudogamy

b) monogamy

c) polygami

d) androgenesis

e) gynogenesis

89. Formation of haploid plants from embryoids called:

a) direct androgenesis

b) indirect androgenesis

c) direct sporogenesis

d) indirect sporogenesis

e) gynogenesis

90. Apical part of stem or root:

a) apex

b) allele

c) meristem

d) cambium

e) parenchyma

91. Reproduction of organisms, without gamic process:

a) apomixic

b) apex

c) amplification

d) regeneration

e) proliferation

92. Observance of conditions of full sterility:

a) aseptic

b) degradation

c) degassion

d) beccross

e) genesis

93. Hormones of indol group:

a) auxin

b) intron

c) amylase

d) gibberellin

e) pyridoxine

94. Recurring heterosis:

a) beccross

b) mutation

c) genome

d) mutagenesis

e) cloning

95. Device in biotechnological manufacture on growing of cells:

a) bioreactor

b) laminar

c) autoclave

d) distillator

e) septic tank

96. Glassiness:

a) vitrification

b) ammonification

c) nitrification

d) homogenization

e) fermentation

97. Branch of science and manufacture of economic important substance and products:

a) biotechnology

b) genetic engineering

c) nanotechnology

d) cellular selection

e) agrotechnology

98. Changing of substance in another type by biological way:

a) biotransformation

b) bioremediation

c) bioengineering

d) biodestruction

e) cryoconservation