Active Passive

to have в настоящем времени (have, to have в настоящем времени (have, has) + Participle II смыслового гла- has) + been + Participle II гола. смыслового глагола.

Past Perfect (Active и Passive) употребляется для выражения дей­ствия, закончившегося до начала другого действия или до ука­занного момента в прошлом:

The letter had been sent by Вчера к вечеру письмо было от-

yesterday evening. (Passive) правлено.

Не had already sent the letter when Он уже отправил письмо, когда I came to see him. (Active) я пришел к нему.

Формы глагола в Past Perfect Active образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени (had) и Participle II смыслового глагола.

Формы глагола в Past Perfect Passive образуются следующим об­разом: had + been + Participle II смыслового глагола.

Future Perfect (Active и Passive) употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончится до начала другого действия или до указанного момента в будущем:

They will have returned before you Они возвратятся до того, как

come home. (Active) вы придете домой.

Many letters will have been sent by Много писем будет отправлено the end of the week. (Passive) к концу недели.

Формы глагола в Future Perfect Active образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в будущем времени — will have (shall have) + Participle II смыслового глагола. Формы Future Perfect Passive содержат been между will have (shall have) и Participle II смыслового глагола.

Таблица времен группы Perfect Active

Форма	Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
Утверди­тельная	1 have sent the letter	I had already sent the letter by 6 o'clock yesterday.	Ishall have sent the letter by tomorrow evening.
Вопроси­тельная	Have you sent the letter?	Had you sent the letter by 6 o'clock yesterday?	Will you have sent the letter by tomorrow evening'
Отрица­тельная	Ihave not sent the letter yet.	Ihad not sent the letter by 6 o'clock yesterday.	I shall not have sent the letter by tomor­row evening.
Таблица времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect The Active Voice (действительный залог)
	Indefinite (инфинитив без to)	Continuous (to be + Participle I)	Perfect (to have + Participle П)
Present	I translate He translates	I am translating He is translating We are translating	I have translated He has translated
Do you translate? Does he translate?	Are you translating?	Have you translated?
I don't translate He doesn't translate	I am not translating	I haven't translated
Past	I translated (стан­дартный) I went (нестандарт­ный)	I was translating We were translating	I had translated
Did vou translate?	Were you translating ?	Had you translated'?
I didn't translate	I wasn't translating	I hadn't translated

Future	I shall/will translate I Ie will translate	I shall/will/'ll be translating He will be translating	I shall/will/'ll have translated He will have translated
Will you translate?	Will you be trans­lating?	Will you have trans­lated?
I shan't/won't trans­late	I shan't/won't betranslating	I shan't/won't have translated
Таблицавремен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect The Passive Voice (пассивный залог)
	Indefinite (to be + Participle П)	Continuous (to be + being + Participle П)	Perfect (to have + been + Participle II)
Present	The letter is translated Is the letter trans­lated? The letter isn't trans­lated	The letter is being translated Is the letter being translated? The letter isn't being translated	The letter has been translated Has the letter been translated? The letter hasn't been translated
Past	The letter was trans­lated Was the letter trans­lated? The letter wasn't translated	The letterwas being translated Was the letter being translated? The letter wasn't be­ing translated	The letter had been translated Had the letter been translated? The letter hadn't been translated
Future	The letter will be translated Will the letter be translated? The letter won't be translated	He употребляется.	The letterwill have been translated Will the letter have been translated?Theletter won't have been translated

 

Unit 5