САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА №12

Тема: Технічний переклад та переказ тексту за фахом: «Машини крізь сторіччя»

Завдання до самостійної роботи:

1.Скласти словник незнайомих слів(не менше 20 слів).

Наприклад:

 

Слово Транскрипція Переклад
invention [in`vən∫ən] винахід

II. Вивчити слова на пам'ять

III. Перекласти текст письмово українською мовою

IV. Скласти анотацію англійською мовою (письмово)

V. Переказати текст згідно анотації.

 

«Machines through the age»

 

Mechanization or the use of machines to do the work of animals or people has been with us for centuries. There are six basic kinds of mechanization .Classification depends on whether machines ,or combinations of animals and people, are responsible for the three fundamental elements that occur in every type of activity – power ,action and control.

The first kind of mechanization is introduced by typing .In typing words, a body produces “the power” to drive a machine , but the machine produces “action”; control is with the body. In one of the early mechanized devices, the horse and cart , an animal is responsible for power , while a person controls the mechanism , but the element responsible for action – the cart's wheels and axles - is mechanical .The horse and cart is simple example of a mechanism that saves the human body from doing something.

In the second kind of mechanization , hardware is responsible for both power and action .In a car , for example , the wheels, gears and so on provide action while the engine supplies power.

Wind – and - water mills are another kind of mechanized device. Like cars ,they use inanimate power source (air or water ).But these power sources are not within a person's control .

The next two types of mechanized devices are all partly automatic .They are mechanically controlled ; a person does not have to be present to supervise them.

Simple automatic devices are not new. Soon after the first machine-tools appeared late in the 18th century , engineers modified them so that they could work by themselves for some of the time .An operator would set his machine so that it cut a piece of metal automatically. He would not have to do anything while the operation took place. The control device here were camshafts and stops.

The fifth example of mechanization is semi-automatic equipment .Here people are required for only some elements of control .In this category are assembly lines with the conveyer systems of the 19th and early 20th centuries with which ,for instance , Henry Ford's first factories assembled cars .In this system parts move from one part of the factory to another on an automatic conveyer .But people have to be present .They stand next to the lines to fit things onto the parts as they move past.

Finally , the sixth kind of mechanization is truly automatic devices , such as transfer lines , computer controlled machine-tools, robots.

So to get a strict definition of automation , we can say :automation = mechanization+ automatic control.

 

Опираючись на інформацію тексту ,заповніть наступну таблицю.

mechanization Mechanization with automatic control
Without mechanical power With controllable mechanical power With incontrollable mechanical power Automatic devices With semi-automatic control automation
1. 2. 3.horse and cart 2. 1.automatic machine -tool 1. 2. 3.robots

 

 

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. What is mechanization?

2. What is simple example of a mechanism?

3. What is the fifth example of mechanization ?

 

Рекомендована література:

1. Гальперин И.Р., Медникова Э.М. Большой англо-русский политехнический словарь. – Москва: Русский язык, 1987.

2. ФедоршинО.П., Євстіфєєв П.Ф., Рябушенко Т.Л. Англійська мова. Практикум з науково-технічного перекладу, – Тернопіль Навчальна книга – Богдан, 2002 – 52с.

3. Чебурашкин Н.Д. Хрестоматия по техническому переводу. – Москва: Просвещение, 1987.

4. Лоскутова Г.В. О компьютере по-английски. – Санкт-Питербург: КАРО. – 2004

5. IBM PC для пользователя. – Краткий курс. – М.: ИНФА. – 1999

 

Дидактичне забезпечення: текст, словник.