Masoomeh Jamshidi
13.1 The Literature on RL 248
13.1.1 General Summaries and Basic RL Concepts 248
13.1.2 Research on Quantitative Approaches 249
13.1.3 Studies of Logistical Topics 250
13.1.4 Company Profiles 250
13.1.5 RL Applications 251
13.2 Review of Various Aspects of RL 251
13.2.1 Driving Forces Behind RL 251
13.2.2 Reasons for Return 252
13.2.3 Types and Characteristics of Returned Products 252
13.2.4 RL Processes 254
13.2.5 RL Actors 255
13.3 Information Technology for RL 256
13.4 RL and Vehicle Routing 256
13.5 Quantitative Models for RL 257
13.5.1 Reverse Distribution 257
13.5.2 Inventory Control Systems with Return Flows 260
13.5.3 Production Planning with Reuse 263
13.6 Classification of Product Recovery Networks 263
14 Retail Logistics 267
Hamid Afshari and Fatemeh Hajipouran Benam
14.1 Overview 267
14.1.1 Introduction 267
14.1.2 Retail Strategy 268
14.1.3 Goods and Service Retailing 269
14.1.4 Factors That Affect International Retailing 269
14.1.5 Information Flow in a Retail Distribution Channel 270
14.1.6 The World's Top Retailers 271
14.2 Typology 271
14.2.1 Introduction 271
14.2.2 Ownership Institution 272
14.2.3 Store-Based Strategy Mix Institution 273
14.2.4 Nonstore-Based Institution 275
14.2.5 Types of Locations 275
14.3 Techniques 276
14.3.1 Location and Site Evaluation 276
14.3.2 Human Resource Management 282
14.3.3 Pricing in Retailing 283
14.3.4 Customer Satisfaction in Retailing 284
14.3.5 World Retail Congress 284
14.4 Future Trends 284
14.5 Case Study 285
14.5.1 History of Russian Retail Chains 285
14.5.2 Conventional Food Retailing with a Spotlight on Differentiation 286
15 Humanitarian Logistics Planning in Disaster Relief Operations 291
Ehsan Nikbakhsh and Reza Zanjirani Farahani
15.1 Introduction 291
15.2 Disasters 292
15.2.1 Classification of Disasters 292
15.2.2 Effects of Disasters on Nations 294
15.3 Disaster Management System Cycle 296
15.3.1 Mitigation 297
15.3.2 Preparedness 297
15.3.3 Response 299
15.3.4 Recovery 299
15.4 Humanitarian Logistics 299
15.4.1 Humanitarian Logistics Systems Versus
Commercial Supply Chains 300
15.4.2 Humanitarian Logistics Chain Structure 301
15.4.3 Required Items and Equipments in
Humanitarian Logistics 302
15.5 Humanitarian Logistics Problems 303
15.5.1 Location Models 304
15.5.2 Transportation and Distribution Models 307
15.5.3 Inventory Models 310
15.5.4 Integrated Logistics Models 312
15.6 Coordination of Humanitarian Logistics Systems 315
15.6.1 Supply Chain Coordination 316
15.6.2 Important Factors in Coordinating Humanitarian
Logistics Operations 316
15.6.3 Humanitarian Coordination Mechanisms 318
15.7 Performance Measurement of Humanitarian Logistics Systems 319
15.8 Case Studies and Learned Lessons 322
15.8.1 The Yogyakarta Earthquake, 2006 322
15.8.2 Hurricane Katrina, 2005 323
15.8.3 Asian Tsunami, 2004 324
15.9 Conclusion 325
16 Freight-Transportation Externalities 333