Exercise 13. Fill in the correct word from the box below.

Positive lightning; voice warnings; coarse frost; expand and break off any accumulated ice; catastrophic; warning horns; low-bypass turbofan engines; inflight icing conditions; airline dispatch offices; stalling; floor level lighting; smoke-filled aircraft; non-conducting composite materials; stick shakers; inlets; ice buildup; "boots"

1. The dangers of more powerful __________ were not understood until the destruction of a glider in 1999.

2.However, as more and more aircraft, like the upcoming Boeing 787, whose whole exterior is made of ____________ take to the skies, additional design effort and testing must be made before certification authorities will permit these aircraft in commercial service.

3. Even a small amount of ice or ___________ can greatly decrease the ability of a wing to develop lift. This could prevent an aircraft from taking off.

4. If ice builds up during flight the result can be ___________as evidenced by the crash of American Eagle Flight 4184 (an ATR 72 aircraft) near Roselawn, Indiana on October 31, 1994, killing 68, or Air Florida Flight 90.

5. Finally, __________ keep watch on weather along the routes of their flights, helping the pilots avoid the worst of ________.

6. Modern airliners are designed to prevent ______ on wings, engines, and tails (empennage) by either routing heated air from jet engines through the leading edges of the wing, tail, and ________, or on slower aircraft, by use of inflatable rubber ______ that _________________.

7. An electrical fire on Air Canada Flight 797 in 1983 caused the deaths of 23 of the 46 passengers, resulting in the introduction of ____________ to assist people to evacuate a _________.

8.These include stall _______ (now standard on virtually all powered aircraft), ____________ and __________.

9. Military aircraft designed for high-speed flight typically have pure turbojet, or___________, increasing the risk that ingested materials will get into the core of the engine to cause damage.

10.______ an aircraft (increasing the angle of attack to a point at which the wings fail to produce enough lift), can be dangerous and can result in a crash unless the pilot reacts in the proper manner.

Exercise 14. Paraphrase the following sentences:

1. A pilot can fly the plane in a dangerous way when misinformed by a printed document, by reacting to a wrong instruments or indicator or by following defective instructions or information from flight or ground control.

2. If ice builds up during flight the result can be fatal.

3. The last time when engine crash happened in 1979.

4. The tests are aimed to measure the level of combustibility of smoke.

5. The luggage department on most aircraft are equipped with "fire bottles" to battle against fire that might occur.