NUMERALS
| Cardinals(cardinal numerals/)numbers) | Ordinals(ordinal numerals/numbers) |
| - indicate exact number, used in counting Morphological composition: - simple: 1-12, 100, 1,00, 1,000,000 - derivatives:13-19 (-teen) 20-90 (-ty) - compound (composite): 21-29 31- 39 etc. Note: a hundred/one hundred a thousand/one thousand a million/one million collective a dozen /one dozen (12) numbers a score / one score (20) two dozen (24) a gross/one gross (12 dozen) Functions: - subject: Three plus three is six. - object: I bought four (of them). - predictive: He is five. - Attribute: There were four men in the room. - Adverb. modifier: I get up at seven. Note: used instead of ordinals in postposition: Book Four but the fourth book, Act Three but the third , Unit 5, lecture 3, line 6, paragraph 2, Chapter X, No. (number) 49 = # 49 (US English), Apartment 12, World War II(but the Second World War) | - Show the order of persons or things in a series Morphological composition: (the same) - Except the first three: 1st (the first), 2nd (the second), 3d (the third) are formed from cardinal numerals by means of the suffix –th. Mind the pronunciation: 20 – twenty but the 20ieth [ˈtwentııθ] 30 – thirty but the 30ieth ,etc. Note: normally they are used with the definite article: This is the second floor. But can be used with the indefinite article when they do not show a definite order of persons or things in a series: The bell rang once, then a second time, then a third. Functions: - Attribute: This is my first dance. - Subject: Then advancing towards us came a fifth. - Predicative: So I might as well be the first. - object: She noted a scar on his cheek, another ... and a third that ran ... |
DATES
| seven hundred (and) thirty-one | |
| nineteen hundred | |
| nineteen [ou] four | |
| two thousand | |
| two thousand nine | |
| 15th, May 1948 May 15th, 1948 May 15, 1948 | The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight. May the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight. |
THE FOUR OPERATIONS
| Addition | 4 + 5 = 9 | We add four to five and get nine. Four and five equals nine Four and five is (are) nine. |
| Subtraction | 9 – 4 = 5 | We subtract four from nine and get five. Four from nine is five. |
| Multiplication | 4 x 5 = 20 | We multiply four by five and get twenty. Four times five is twenty. |
| Division | 20 : 4 = 5 | We divide twenty by four and get five. |
FRACTIONAL NUMERALS
Common Fractions
1/3 – a (one) third 2/3 ton – two thirds of a ton
1/8 – a (one) eighth ¾ kilometer – three quarters of a kilometer
½ – a (one) half ½ ton – half of ton
¼ – a (one) quarter 2 ½ tons – two and a half tons or two tons and a half
2/3 – two thirds 4 1/3 tons – four and a third tons or four tons and a third
3/5 – three fifths 1 ½ hours – one and a half hours or one hour and a half
5/6 – five sixths 1 1/3 pounds – one and a third pounds or one pound and a third