Nathaniel Hawthorne. Young Goodman Brown.

E. Allan Poe. The Raven. The Gold Bug.

2. 1830-1840: Transcendentalism:

Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the New England region of the United States as a protest to the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University.

Transcendentalism was a 1. spiritual, 2. philosophical and 3. literary movement and is located in the history of American Thought as

(a). Post-Unitarian and free thinking in religious spirituality

(b). Kantian and idealistic in philosophy and

(c). Romantic and individualistic in literature.