The formation of negative statements with 'be', have' and modals

1 When a sentence contains be (auxiliary or full verb), have (auxiliary or sometimes full verb when have = 'have got'), or a modal auxiliary (can, etc ), we form the negative by putting not after the auxiliary affirmativeHe is leaving negativeHe is notleaving /He s notleaving /He isn't leaving

2 If there are a number of auxiliaries in the same sentence not always goes after the first one affirmative He could have been delayed negative He could not/couldn't have been delayed

13.4.2 The formation of negative statements with 'do', 'does' and did'

Do not (don’t) does not (doesn’t) (simple present) and did not (didn’t) (simple past) go after the subject to form negative statements with other verbs The verb that follows do/does/did + not is always in the form of a bare infinitive [> 16.1] simple present affirmativeI/You/We/They turn left here

negativeI/You We/They don't turnleft here

affirmativeHe/She/It works well negativeHe/She/It doesn't workwell

simple past affirmative I/You/He/She/It/We/They stayed in

negative1/You/He/She/lt/We/They didn't stayin 13.4.3 Be', 'have' and modals compared with 'do/does' and 'did'

Note that do is not normally required in affirmative sentences and is not used to form tenses in the same way as be and have 1 Affirmative statements

Subject auxiliary predicate

You re working too hard

You ve eaten too much

You may stop now

You work too hard

You - ate too much yesterday

 

2 Questions
auxiliary Are Have	subject you you	predicate working too hard? eaten too much?
May Do	I I	stop now? work too hard?
Did	I	eat too much yesterday?

13 Questions answers negatives

 

3 Negative	statements
subject	auxiliary	not	predicate
/	am	not	working too hard
You	have	not	eaten too much
You	may	not	go out
I	do	not	work too hard
I	did	not	eat too much yesterday

Yes/No questions and Yes/No short answers

Form of Yes/No questions and Yes/No short answers

Yes/No questions affirmative and Are you ready? Yes I am Is he leaving? Yes he is Were you ill? Yes we were

Negative short answers

be[>10 6]

No I'm not

No he s not/he isn't

No we weren t

have [> 10 27]

Have you finished? Yes I have
Has she left? Yes she has

No I haven"t No she hasn t

do [> 10 41] Do you like it? Yes I do No I don't

does Does it work? Yes it does No it doesn't

did Did you paint it? Yes I did No I didn't

modals[> 11 5] Can I see him? Yes you can

No you can't