General characteristics of Type 3 verbs

a The verbs in this category are intransitive, that is they cannot be

followed by an object

Hazel is outWe set offearly etc b Passive constructions are not possible c The same combination of verb + particle can sometimes belong to

Type 2 (with an object We broke down the fence) and Type 3

(without an object The car broke down) [compare > 8.28.1f] d Nouns can be formed from verbs of this type eg a climb down a

dropout an outbreak an onlooker [> App 35]

Two sub-groups can be identified

Non-phrasal verbs with obvious meanings ('free association')

Verbs in this group can be used with their literal meanings [> 8.25] Combinations with be are common, but occur with many other verbs, often in the imperative e g hurry along go away sit down keep on drive over ([> App 32] for particle meanings) The 'strengthening effect' noted in 8.28.4 can apply to some of these verbs too, as in hurry up move out, etc

Type 3 verbs with idiomatic meanings

The verbs in this category [> App 36] often have little or no relation to their literal meanings e g break down (collapse), die away (become quiet),pull up (stop when driving a car), turn up (appear unexpectedly)

Mrs Sims broke downcompletely when she heard the news

The echoes died awayin the distance

The bus pulledup sharply at the traffic lights

Harry turned upafter the party when everyone had left

8 Prepositions, adverb particles and phrasal verbs

8.30 Type 4: Verb + particle + preposition (transitive)

8.30.1 General characteristics of Type 4 verbs[compare > 12.3n7]
a These are three-part verbs (e.g. put up with)- They are transitive

because they end with prepositions and must therefore be followed by an object:

/ don't know how you put up with these conditions
Some of these verbs take a personal object: take someone up on
something (pursue a suggestion someone has made):
May I take you up onyour offer to put me up for the night?
b Some verbs can go into the passive and others cannot:
All the old regulations were done away with(passive)
/ find it difficult to keep up withyou (no passive)

c Two-part nouns can be formed from some three-part verbs: e.g.

someone who stands in for someone is a stand-in-Two sub-groups can be identified:

Non-phrasal verbs with obvious meanings ('free association')

Three-part combinations, which can be used with their literal meanings, are common [> 8.18]: e.g. come down from, drive on to hurry over to, run along to, stay away from, walk up to, etc.:After stopping briefly in Reading we drove on toOxford