Prepositional phrases used adverbially

When there is no -ly adverb for what we want to say, we have to use an adverbial phrase beginning with a preposition to refer to 'means' or 'method':

/ came here by busShe answered me in a loud whisperSometimes we can choose between a phrase and an -ly adverb

He left in a hurry/hurriedly[> App 26]

, 7.12 '-ly'adjectives and equivalent adverbial forms

Here is a selection of adjectives which end in -ly: brotherly/sisterly, cowardly, elderly, friendly/unfriendly, heavenly, likely'/unlikely, lively, lovely, manly/womanly, motherly/fatherly, sickly,

7 Adverbs

silly and ugly We use most of these adjectives to describe people's

qualities We cannot use them as adverbs, so we form phrases with

way, manner or fashion

adjectiveSusan is a friendlygirl

adverbShe always greets me in a friendly way/manner/fashion

7.13 Adjectives/adverbs: same form, same meaning[> Apps14,15.1]

Some words can be used as adjectives or as adverbs of manner

without adding -ly fast hard, etc

A fast (adjective) tram is one that goes fast(adverb)

/ work hard(adverb) because I enjoy hard(adjective) work

7.14 Adverbs with two forms[> App 15]

Some adverbs have two forms which may have

- the same meaning e g cheap I bought this car cheap/cheaply

- different meanings e g hard I work hardand play hard

I did hardlyany work today

Adverbs differing in meaning from corresponding adjectives

Some adverbs differ in meaning from their corresponding adjectives

e g express/expressly ready readily

If it s urgent you should send it by expressmail (fast)

You were told expresslyto be here by 7 (clearly/deliberately)

Some adverbs, such as coldly coolly hardlyand warmly can refer to
feelings and behaviour and can be used with verbs such as act
behave react speak Compare adjective/adverb uses in e g
It's coldtoday The whole queue stared at me coldly

It's a warm/coolday Emily greeted me warmly/coolly
I t ' s a hotday Edward hotlydenied the accusation

Position of adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner: after the object or after the verb

The most usual position of adverbs of manner is after the object or after the verb [> 1.3] eg

- after the object Sue watched the monkeys curiously

Look at this photo carefully

- after the verb It snowed heavilylast January

- after an adverb particle He took the picture down carefullyThe important thing is not to put the adverb between the verb and its object (Not *He speaks well English*) But even this is possible if the object is very long

We could see very clearlya strange light ahead of us