Manfred GЁorlach’s Circle model of English (GЁorlach 1990)

 

Braj Kachru’s Circles model of World Englishes

The “Three Circles of English” :

 

l the “Inner,” - the societies where English is the “primary language,” i.e., the USA, the UK,Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

l “Outer,” postcolonial Anglophonic contexts, a numerically large and diverse speech community, including such African and Asian societies as Nigeria, Zambia, India, and Singapore.

l “Expanding” Circles.

 

l The Expanding Circle is defined as comprising those areas where English is an “international language” and traditionally regarded as societies learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) - China, Greece, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, and the USSR

The Circles model was intended to represent

l (1) the types of spread of English worldwide,

l (2) the patterns of acquisition, and

l (3) the functional domains in which English is used internationally.

Multiple Mixing and World Englishes

l mixing of world Englishes,

l mixing of world English accents,

l mixing of English with other languages,

l mixing of English with non-Roman scripts.

 

 

English as a GLOBAL language

In Mass Media there are numerous facts about English spread worldwide, for example:

n 400mln English mother tongue speakers

n 350 mln English as a second language

n 100 mln use it fluently as a foreign language

n 2/3 world scientists write in English

n ¾ world mail in English

n 80% electronic information

n In 1997 81% of Internet users used English, in September 2002 only 36,5%