CORPORATE CULTURE. BUSINESS ETHICS

Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment предпринимательская среда.

In the increasingly conscience-focused marketplaces рынок of the 21st century, the demand for more ethical business processes and actions (known as ethicism) is increasing. Simultaneously, pressure is applied on industry (промышленность) to improve business ethics through используя new public initiatives (общественные инициативы) and laws (e.g. higher UK road tax for higher-emission vehicles).

Business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. In academia научные сообщества descriptive approaches are also taken. The range спектр, диапазон and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be at odds with non-economic social values. Historically, interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporate websites lay emphasis on commitment обязательство, долг to promoting non-economic social values under a variety of headings (e.g. ethics codes, social responsibility charters устав). In some cases, corporations have redefined their core values in the light of business ethical considerations соображения.

General business ethics

· This part of business ethics overlaps частично совпадать, пересекаются with the philosophy of business, one of the aims of which is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a company's main purpose is to maximize the returns доход вкладчиков to its shareholders, then it could be seen as unethical for a company to consider the interests and rights of anyone else.

· Corporate social responsibility социальная ответственность бизнеса or CSR: an umbrella term обобщающий термин under which the ethical rights and duties existing between companies and society is debated.

· Ethical issues concerning relations between different companies: e.g. hostile take-overs враждебный захват, industrial espionage промышленный шпионаж.

· Leadership issues вопрос лидерства: corporate governance.

· Political contributions made by corporations.

· The misuse of corporate ethics policies as marketing instruments.