Mind the meaning of new professional lexical units.

Now read and translate the following sentences, analyze grammar constructions, keep in

mind the meaning of new professional lexical units.

1. Our trading spaces in the centre of the city cost us more than 2 thousand dollars a month.

2. Several new brands of beer were launched last year.

3. This middle aged woman declares (claims) the shop assistant to be impolite and asks who for the work with the staff in charge is.

4. The staff mаnager spoke highly of this skilled expert.

5. The wholesaler buys goods (furniture, clothes, footwear, food staff) in bulk, thus relieving the manufacturer of various risks.

6. The retailer buys goods in small quantities and always runs the risk of a fall in demand.

7. Increasing the oil prices by 20% resulted from the changes in the world political situation connected with the USA invasion in Iraq.

8 .Our firm is making great progress in servicing customers.

9 Purchases made by telephone and Internet are delivered to their destination on the same day.

10. The authority approves the activity of the manager who whishes to know the ins and outs of commodity exchange and disapproves scratching the surface of problems.

11. After a while when quotations at the exchange stock are changed and you have enough funds to invest them in this business, you still run the risk of a fall in demand for your products.

12. The profit of tour business rises along with dollar exchange rate.

13. The companies producing everyday items have large profits because of the great demand for these goods.

14. Linen sales (production) increases by 3% with Russia heading the list.

15. Tourism earnings increased with the dollar exchange rate going up.

16. Carpets export went down with Turkey facing serious problems.

17. They emigrated to Australia many years ago and have been living there ever since.

18. George has traveled a lot for the last few years.

19. It has been snowing hard since yesterday.

20. What’s the news? – Nothing special has happened. – Well, no news is good news. –That’s it.

21. But for his sensible advice we wouldn’t have made such a great progress in advertising of new products.

22. At first he ordered me to call on the booking office and reserve tickets, but then did it himself.

23. Instead of doing the work yourself get somebody to help you.

24. Where are the drawings?-They were thrown away. Nobody needs them any longer.

25. Our corporation is not satisfied with the latest results of marketing research and won’t invest money in your business.

26. They were surprised at his having refused to declare the source of income .Everything here should be transparent.

27. Have you ever expected him to borrow a large sum of money and then to refuse to pay back?

28. I supposed him to be a rich and honest manufacturer who pays all the taxes in time.

29. Mr. Smith was heard to have run away without paying wages to his staff.

30. The output of such kind of goods is not profitable because of high inflation.

31. Let the dog go! It doesn’t like being held firmly by the neck.

32. The prices have risen by 15% lately and the poor to their shame can’t provide their children with food.

33. Burglary as well as poverty became a common thing in Russia.

34. In spite of the high prices electrical equipment (white goods) are in great demand because every year we offer new improved models to our customers.

35. Car output is 5% higher this month than previous one.

36. The production of foodstuff is increased steadily.

37. In spite of the improved design the quality of clothes produced by this firm leaves much to desire.

38. The money for realizing the project was borrowed from the bank.

39. His vacation expenses equal to his almost 3 month’s salary.

40. Declared measures may change the situation to the better.

41. British Airways is to hold trials of a new shopping system.

42. They say the world economy is in the doldrums.

43. The economy is a system managing and controlling resources of a country, community or household.

44. The USA has long regarded itself as a natural role model for other countries.

45. We’ll credit the original price paid by you.

46. He recommended to buy a secondhand car that had already run several thousand miles and became

cheaper.

47. An Oxford student needs an allowance of at least 250 pounds a year.

48 .Some consumer goods do not last a long time.

49. Foodstuff is in a great demand.

50 He earns his living by working as a sales manager.

51. Figure out what percentage of your income is allocated for everyday items.

52. To reduce expenses one should make changes in his budget.

53. Record how much you have to spend for food, entertainments, clothing, college suppliers, personal care, transportation and miscellaneous items.

54. Scarcity sometimes results from a rapid increase in demand.

55. He assumed responsibility for the all expenditures of the firm.

56. We try to assume the real cost of a new bridge across the river Volga.

57. All production involves a cost which is counted not only in terms of money but also in terms of resources used.

58. Could you obtain a loan to cover the cost of your further education?

59. You will learn to evaluate tradeoffs involved in your economic decision.

60. Planning their expenditures the customers must accept fixed prices since they are set in advance.

61. Opportunity cost is the value of time, money, goods and services given up in making a choice.

62. The tradeoffs involved in going to college using time and money now to gain greater advantages in the future.

63. Since every economic decision requires a choice, economics is a study of tradeoffs.

64. Make sure whether college education is worth the expense, taking into consideration immediate and future personal growth, economic well-being and projected lifetime earnings.

65. While planning their expenditures and buying goods we should keep in mind that advertisements

usually emphasize only the good qualities of a commodity.

66. Let’s try to bargain over prices for our production, don’t we?

Trade n-1) the business of buying and selling goods: a trade agreement between England and France. 2) particular business or industry: he works in the cotton trade; 3) a job one needing a special skill; the trade of a printer – he is a printer by trade; 4) the amount of business – the shop does a good trade on Sundays.

Trade v 1) to carry on trade; he trades in meat/to trade with another country; 2) to buy/sell or exchange . They traded their clothes for food.

Trade smth in – to give in part payment for smth new; to trade in an old car for a new one; trade mark - a special mark or name for a product which cannot be used by any other producer; trade name- brand name – a name given to a particular product, by which it may be recognized among those made by other producers; trader – a person who buys and sells products; tradesman – a person who buys and sells goods especially a shopkeeper; trade union (trades union/ labor union) an organization; trade wind – a tropical wind.

Real costs-

To be counted in terms of-

Power-

Lifetime earning power-

Require-

Return-

Investment return-

To seek solution

Tradeoff

Worth-

Advance

To do smth. in advance

Advertise for

Appropriate

Bargain(s)

Bargain over smth.

Commodity

Concern

Diminish

Price emphasis

De-emphasis

Expenditure

Margin

Marginal

Option

Loss-leader pricing

Purchase

Quote

rate

sacrifice

Shortage

Stock

Surplus

Per unit cost

Utility

67. Every economic choice involves opportunity cost.

68. In case there is an excess of merchandise the relative demand for it will diminish.

69. The innovations resulted in growing profits.

70. Those prices are much lower than those quoted previously.

71. The demand has grown as compared with that last month.

72. The businessmen promoting these goods have huge profits from it.

73. The goods delivered are being kept in the stores.

74. The estate agent valued this splendid ancient mansion on the suburbs at 2 mln pounds.

75. The prices for the goods in a great demand rise constantly.

76. Judging by this diagram the oil prices are maintained.

77. The necessary raw materials are being supplied without any impediment.

78. The problem of the home (inner) market protection has to be solved.

79. Recently I have found a suitable building for low cost for industrial and office accommodation.

80. It’s a small town in the eastern hemisphere with a population of 100 thousand, mostly engaged in car manufacturing, watch making, agriculture, handicraft and shipbuilding.

81. Moscow and Moscow oblast may be considered (to be) the most extensive consumer market in Russia. Besides, it is the most highly populated area.

82. Grants are available for setting up a new plant, doing research work and staff training.

83. A chain of petrol and service stations Tatneft accounts for 90% of all fuel (gasoline) sales in Ulyanovsk oblast.

84. I would like to have more scope and opportunity in your company.

85. He supposed that the revenue (earnings, net income)of our company would grow next year.

86. Introduction of new technologies resulted in quick cost-cutting.

Trade v 1) to carry on trade; he trades in meat/to trade with another country; 2) to buy/sell or exchange . They traded their clothes for food.

Trade smth in –to give in part payment for smth new; to trade in an old car for a new one; trade mark - a special mark or name for a product which cannot be used by any other producer; trde name- brand name – a name given to a particular product, by which it may be recognized among

those made by other producers; trader – a person who buys and sells products; tradesman – a person, who buys and sells goods especially a shopkeeper; trade union (trades union/ labor union)

an organization; trade wind – a tropical wind.

1.1.1

Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.

1. to consume miscellaneous items a) увеличить спрос на

б) решить, урегулировать проблему

2. to reduce expenses в) отчислять часть дохода на

3. capital goods г) удовлетворять потребность в товарах и усл.

4. to record the expense of college suppliers д) недостаток ресурсов

5. to provide the produce е) портиться

6. to keep record of the supply ж) распределять денеж.пособие

7 .to allocate part of the income for з) обучение

8. to figure out the expense и) снизить эластичные расходы

9. perishable goods к) вести учет поставок

10. an item on the chart л) зарабатывать себе на жизнь чем-либо

11. to settle the problem м) потреблять разные товары

12. scarcity of resources н) быть изношенным

13. consumer goods о) средства произ-ва, основн. средства

14. to meet needs for goods and cervices п)снабжать продукцией

15. to reduce flexible expenses р)подсчитывать расходы

16. to go bad с) увеличивать расходы

17 .to supply something for resale т) корректировать бюджет

18. to allocate allowance у) потребительские товары

19. to increase the demand for ф) производить ч-л для личного потребл.

20. optional expenses х) необязательные, дополн.расходы

21. to adjust the budget ц) пункт, статья таблицы

22. tuition ч) поставлять ч-л для перепродажи

23. to be used up ш) записывать, вести учет траты на

24. to produce smth for personal use учебные принадлежности

25. to earn one’ s living by smth щ) скоропортящиеся товары

2.2.2 Match the English word combinations with the Russian equivalents

1. on the assumption а) исчисляться в

2. to be available б) убедить кого-либо ссудить деньги

3. to assume the real cost of smth в)оценивать альтернативы

4. opportunity cost г) отказаться от чего-либо

5. the real cost of the product д) работа на полный рабоч.день

6. to be counted in terms of smth е) образовательный уровень

7. to cover the cost ж) потеря дохода

8. to convince smb to lend money з) исходя из предположения

9 .to evaluate tradeoffs и) прибыль на инвестицию

10. to fit values and goals к) возможная пожизненная прибыль

11. to obtain technical job training л) затраты в натурал. исчислении на проз-во

12. to give up smth м) требовать разных решений

13. to gain advantages н) альтернативная стоимость

14. to improve the situation о) искать приемлемые решения

15. full-time job п) неполная занятость

16. level of education р) ценить опыт работы по специальности

17. lоss of income с) стоить затрат на что-либо

18. lifetime earning power т) иметь в наличии

19. economic reasoning у) улучшить положение

20. invest return ф) соответствовать ценностям и целям

21. to require various decisions х) экономические доводы

22. to seek solutions ц) получить профессионально-технич.подготовку

23. to be worth the expense of smth ч) покрывать стоимость

24. part-time job ш) получить преимущества

25. to value practical job experience щ)предположить стоимость ч-л за вычетом

потерь.

About the famous and half forgotten people

Alfred Nobel – a Man of Contrasts

Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private.

A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men.

During his useful life he often felt he was useless: “Alfred Nobel”, he once wrote of himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life”. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see”, he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it”, but since his death his name has brought fame and glory to others.

He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after.

Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English.

Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward- looking industrialist.

But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy.

Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love – he never married—he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor. “I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials”, he once said.

His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to the wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896.

His famous will in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.

Text The Nobel Prizes

Any of the prizes (five in number until 1969, when a sixth was added) that are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world. In the will he drafted in 1895, Nobel instructed that most of his fortune be set aside as a fund for the awarding of five annual prizes “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.” These prizes as established by his will are: the Nobel Prize for Physics, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine; the Nobel Prize for Literature; and the Nobel Prize for Peace. The first distribution of the prices took place on December 10, 1901, the fifth

anniversary of Nobel’s death. An additional award, the Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969.

After Nobel’s death, the Nobel Foundation was set up to carry out the provisions of his will and to administer his funds. In his will, he had stipulated that four different institutions—three Swedish and one Norwegian—should award the prizes. From Stockholm, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences confers the prizes for physics, chemistry, and economics, the Karolinska Institute confers the prize for physiology or medicine, and the Swedish Academy confers the prize for literature. The Norwegian Nobel Committee based in Oslo confers the prize for peace. The Nobel Foundation is the legal owner and functional administrator of the funds and serves as the joint administrative body of the prize-awarding institutions, but it is not concerned with the prize deliberations or decisions, which rest exclusively with the four institutions.