The classification of morphemes.

Form and meaning.

Two kinds of morphemes, according to their meaning.

1) Lexical meaning is rented by the lexical morpheme

2) Grammatical meaningis expressed by grammatical meaning.

Very often in English a word often consists of on morpheme. E. g. one, two, three.

A word can consist of a several morphemes. E. g. hand – two morphemes

1) is overed (явно выраженная)

2) is covered (закрытая)

3) is zero morpheme

 

A grammar morpheme can express two or three grammatical meanings. For instance he walks sexpresses person, number, tense, mood (наклонение).

 

This phenomena is called synchronism(синхронизм – освещение нескольких признаков)

Traditional linguists classify the morphemes with the word form derivation.

The first type is called synthetic. When grammatical changes take place in the verb itself.

For the nouns s, s`

For adjectives: degrees of comparison

For the verbs: e a s t

To synthetic types belong to sound alteration

The second type: analytical type. E. g. has invited (Present Perfect), is invited (Passive voice), has been inviting (Present Perfect Cont.)

The third – suplative type (суплетивный) building form different stems. We – us I - me

Go – went

 

This classification is traditional.

Modern linguists give a lot of terms:

1) Linear morpheme. For morpheme with follow one another as it are alive

2) Will be sound alteration replacive : mouse – mice

Goose – geese

3) Discontinuous morphemes (прерывистые морфемы) Е. G. has broken, has V3

4) Suprosegmental morphemes. Stress and intonation. E, g. import - import