GRAMMAR EXERCISES

 

Exercise I.Translate the extract from the Contract paying attention to the translation of Modal Verbs.

1. Sailors must keep their places clean and neat. 2. Sailors should not bring aboard any weapons, prohibited drugs or alcohol with the exception of those that are provided by the Shipowner as part of the vessel’s provisions. 3. Sailors should not go ashore in any foreign port except by permission of the Master. 4. Any seaman may request his immediate discharge because of illness or injury. 5. The shipowner and Master may issue such rules and regulation as may be necessary for the safe operation of the vessel.

 

Exercise II.Read the sentences. Replace Modal Verbs with its equivalents. Translate the sentences.

1. Engineers must quickly learn the location of all manuals, drawings, technical books, tools, spare parts etc. All manuals and technical books must be used very carefully. Damage to these books often happens when they are taken into the engine room. So the Chief Engineer must control that they are only taken into the engine room when it is absolutely necessary and only for a short period. 2. All watch keeping Officers must report directly to the Chief Engineer and execute his orders.
3. All Engineering Officers must know the layout and parameters of the vessel.
4. All Engineers must read and learn the Quality System. 5. Pollution is very important. All national and international regulations must be followed. Each ship must have Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. 6. The Company provides personal protective equipment which must be used.

 

Exercise III.Connect the sentences. Choose the best connecting word. (Because, and, but, or, so).

1. He fell off the ladder. The ladder wasn’t secure. 2. The load was too heavy for the crane. The cargo fell. 3. There is a danger of toxic gases in enclosed (закрытый) spaces. You must always check the air before you enter. 4. The lightering hose (лихтерный рукав) was not secured at the manifold. The crewman was not injured when he disconnected the hose. 5. Many seafarers slip on deck. They don’t wear safety shoes. 6. There was a storm at sea. A pallet truck (автопогрузчик) broke free (сорвался) in high winds. 7. Accidents at sea happen because of negligence (небрежность). They happen because equipment is not maintained. 8. The fire started in the pump room. It spread to the engine room. 9. A seafarer broke his arm. A steel pipe fell on him. 10. Fires can start if electrical equipment is faulty (неисправный, повреждённый). They can start if cigarettes are not extinguished (затушены) properly.

 

 

Exercise IV.Look at the verbs. Complete the sentences. Choose a verb for each command: get call lower smoke enter close proceed stop

1. Fire in the galley! __ a fire extinguisher! 2. They are loading the fuel. Don’t __ on deck! 3. Man overboard! __ the lifeboat! 4. Emergency! __ to your muster stations (место сбора по тревоге) immediately! 5. Flooding (потоп) in the engine room! __ the Master! 6. The oil is leaking! __ the pumps! 7. Fire in the cabins! __ all fire doors! (противопожарные двери) 8. The air is toxic! Don’t __ that area!

 

Exercise V.Complete the sentences with must / must not.

1. All personnel __ wear safety goggles while operating this machinery. 2. There is a leak! You __ switch off the pump immediately! 3. There is gas in the space! You __ enter! 4. You __ use safety equipment.

5. We __ smoke in the holds. 6. There is a smell of gs in the hold. You __ wear your breathing apparatus (дыхательные аппараты). 7. There is an electrical fire. You __ get water fire extinguisher. 8. There is a man overboard. You __ lower lifeboat.

 

Exercise VI.Look at the graph. It shows the number and types of incidents that occurred at sea last year. Use a dictionary to check that you know each type of incident. Read the report. Complete the report with numbers from the graph.

 

FRONTIER SHIP MANAGEMENT COMPANY

Summary of Incidents at Sea

Last year there were 63 incidents at sea. This included __ spills, 2 of which resulted in pollution. Fourteen vessels grounded and ___ vessels collided in bad weather conditions.

There were ___ reports of personal injury. These injuries usually occurred because seamen did not take care with machinery or because they did not wear the correct type of protective clothing.

____ ships reported fires on board during the year: in 2 incidents, the fires started in the galley; in another 2 incidents, fires started when chemical containers exploded; and in 3 incidents, the fires occurred because of electrical faults.

On ____ occasions vessels lost power because the crew did not follow correct procedures during manoeuvring. There were __ accounts of cargo contamination: 1 cargo of grain suffered from heat damage, and in the other case, water leaked into the hold and damaged a fruit cargo.

Notes:

to ground – сесть на мель procedures – зд. действия

injury – повреждение contamination – загрязнение

electrical faults – повреждение в электрической цепи

heat damage – повреждениевысокими температурами

 

Exercise VII.Look at the next graph. It shows the incidents that occurred at sea last month. Read the report. Complete the sentences in the report with the verb. Change each verb to the Past Simple.

suffer lose report be (2) explode collide ground start damage include leak

FRONTIER SHIP MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Summary of Incidents at Sea

Last month there ____ 18 incidents at sea. There ____ 4 spills. There were no reports of personal injury. Two vessels ____ because of low water in port and another 2 ships ____ in foggy conditions. Six ships ___ fires on board: in 5 incidents the fires ___ in the engine room and in 1 incident the fire started when chemical containers ____. There ___ 1 incident of a vessel which ___ power during ship manoeuvring. Three vessels ___ cargo contamination when water ___ into the hold and ___ the cargo.

Notes:

Low water – отлив

Foggy conditions – условия тумана

 

Exercise VII.Retell the text in 5-7 sentences.