Interaction of Primary and Derivative Logical Meaning.

SDs Based on Polysemantic Effect, Zeugma and Pun Zeugma

1. At noon Mrs. Turpin would get out of bed and humour, put on kimono, airs, and the water to boil the coffee. (O. Henry)

get out сочетается с "bed" и "humour", put on сочетается с тремя словами - надевала кимоно, напускала на себя важный вид, ставила воду.

2. She dropped a tear and a pocket handkerchief.

3. She possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart.

Zeugma is the use of a word in the same grammatical but different semantic relations to two adjacent words in the context, the semantic relations being, on the one hand, literal, and on the other, transferred.

The pun(каламбур) is another SD based on the interaction of two well-known meanings of a word or phrase. It is difficult to draw a hard and fast distinction between zeugma and the pun. The only reliable distinguishing feature is a structural one: zeugma is the realization of two meaning with the help of a verb which is made to refer to different subjects or objects (direct or indirect). The pun is more independent. There need not necessarily be a word in a sentence to which the pun-word refers.

e.g. Pun There is only one brand of tobacco allowed here - "Three nuns." None today, none tomorrow, and none the day after."

e.g. Zeugma: 1 .The Rich arrived in pairs and also in Rolls-Royces.

Zeugma according to Kucharenko is the violation of phraseological units, semantically false chains, and nonsense of non-sequence. The effect of SD is humorous. Contextual conditions leading to simultaneous realization of two meanings and to the formation of pun may vary: it can be misinterpretation of one speaker's utterance by the other, which results in his (its) remark dealing with a different meaning of the misinterpreted word or its homonym as in the famous case from " The Pickwick Papers" when the fat boy, Mr. Wardler's servant, emerged from the corridor, very pale, he was asked by his master: "Have you been seeing any spirits?" " Or taking any?" - added Bob Allen. The first "spirits" refer to supernatural forces, the second one - to strong drinks.

Punning may be the result of the speaker's intended violation of the listener's expectation as in:" There comes a period in every man's life, she is just a semicolon in his" (B. Evans). Here "period" is understood as "an interval of time" but the author has used the word in the meaning of "punctuation mark" (period- точка) which becomes clear from the "semicolon" following it.