Formation of nouns by conversion.
Conversion is the process of transition of one part of speech into another one without any suffixes or prefixes.
a) verbs → nouns:
to doubt (сомневаться) doubt (сомнение)
to love (любить) love (любовь)
to laugh (смеяться) laugh (смех)
to conduct (вести) conduct (поведение)
to present (дарить) present(подарок)
to record (записывать) record (запись)
b) adjectives →nouns:
comic (комический) a comic (кинокомедия)
daily (ежедневный) a daily (ежедневная газета)
poor (бедный) the poor (бедняки)
rich (богатый) the rich (богачи)
unemployed (безработный) the unemployed (безработные)
young (молодой) the young (молодежь)
old (старый) the old (старики)
Exercise 1. Translate the following nouns into Russian / Ukrainian, define the derivational suffixes and tell the parts of speech they were made from.
A. 1. breakage; 2. drainage; 3. leakage; 4. approval; 5. arrival; 6. refusal; 7. acceptance; 8. appearance; 9. performance; 10. delivery; 11. discovery; 12. recovery; 13. agreement; 14. arrangement; 15. employment; 16. collision; 17. decision; 18. division; 19. education; 20. organization; 21. attention; 22. solution; 23. departure; 24. failure; 25. closure; 26. payment; 27. fixation; 28. multiplication; 29. improvisation; 30. introduction; 31. constitution; 32. construction; 33. production; 34. transmission; 35. assistant; 36. servant; 37. dependent.
B. 1. writer; 2. occupier; 3. runner; 4. beginner; 5. traveller; 6. collector; 7. editor; 8. protector; 9. sailor; 10. visitor; 11. beggar; 12. liar.
C. 1. advice; 2. belief; 3. breath, 4. choice; 5. cloth; 6. device; 7. half; 8. life; 9. proof; 10. relief; 11. shelf; 12. teeth; 13. wreath.
Exercise 2. Translate the following nouns into Russian / Ukrainian and tell the adjectives they were made from.
1. importance; 2. absence; 3. presence; 4. darkness; 5. happiness; 6. equality; 7. kindness; 8. length; 9. strength; 10. truth.
Exercise 3. Find nouns that have the same form as the verbs they were made from. Translate them into Russian / Ukrainian.
1. aim; 2. answer; 3. cause; 4. change; 5. doubt; 6. dream; 7. end; 8. fall; 9. guess; 10. hope; 11. influence; 12. interest; 13. joke; 14. laugh; 15. lock; 16. mover; 17. note; 18. order; 19. plan; 20. play; 21. quarrel; 22. result; 23. smile; 24. stop; 25. talk; 26. trouble; 27. walk; 28. work; 29. abuse; 30. excuse; 31. use.
Exercise 4. Add more examples of nouns with the same suffixes. Translate the examples into Russian / Ukrainian.
–or translator
–er doer
–ist biochemist
–ism mechanism
–age storage
–ance assistance
–ence difference
–dom wisdom
–hoodchildhood
–tion dictation
–ment development
–ness happiness
–ship friendship
–ty possibility
–ure picture
–thlength
–ing earning
–ry slavery
–ent student
–ate candidate
Exercise 5. Analyze the suffixes of the following words and find nouns among them. Translate them into Russian / Ukrainian.
1. attention 11. doctor
2. classify 12. density
3. movement 13. friendship
4. culture 14. advertize
5. completely 15. happiness
6. advantage 16. demonstrate
7. decision 17. demonstration
8. publishing 18. demonstrative
9. expressive 19. dependence
10. agreement 20. freedom
Exercise 6. Make nouns from the words in brackets to complete the conversations. Use these suffixes:
-ation -er -ition -ment -ness -or -tion
1 A: Who's that man by the window?
B: That’s Mr. Hardy. He's a _____ at my son's school. (teach)
2 A: Little Sally's always making up stories about giants and fairies.
B: Yes, she's got a wonderful _____. (imagine)
3 A: Can you see that woman over there?
B: Yes. What about her?
A: She's married to a famous film _____. (direct)
4 A: James is entering a chess_____. (compete)
B: I hope he wins.
5 A: He was trying to hide his _____. (embarrass)
B: Poor Peter!
6 A: We've just received an _____to Jane's party. (invite)
B: Great! When is it?
7 A: Has Angela recovered from her _____? (ill)
B: Yes, she's feeling a lot better, thank you.
8 A: Which _____ stars in the film? (act)
B: Tom Cruise.
9 A: What do you think this book's about?
B: Why don't you read the _____to find out? (introduce)
10 A: Is there anything else I can do?
B: No, I'll be fine now. Thank you so much for your _____. (kind)