SWIFT, the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, is a

non-profit making bank-owned, cooperative society. It was set up in Brussels in 1973 and now it has more than a thousand member banks in more than fifty countries including our country. Vnesheconombank has been a member bank since 1987.

SWIFT is a service organisation which processes and transmits banking transactions electronically between member banks on all the five continents.

Electronic systems transfer large sums around the world quickly and effectively. In this way aternational banking is being established.

But payment procedures in international trade still rely heavily on paper-based documents. And specialists say that one day all the data of invoices, shipping documents, various recepts and other documents will be provided in computer form instead. No paper documents will be used any longer. All the information will be sent electronically.

This will certainly lead to a lot of technical problems.

 

 

Раздел III. Тексты по юридической тематике

TEXT 1. Переведите на русский язык

AN ARREST

Without question, the police play an important role in protecting citizens from crime. They have special powers to do it. Police have the power to investigate, which often means to stop and question persons, to arrest criminals and many others. Society gives to police the right to use force if necessary. We shall discuss now the problems of arrest.

What is an arrest? When is person “under arrest”? Are you under arrest only if the police officer says that you are? If the police stop you in the street and ask you to explain why you are there and what you are doing, are you under arrest? If a police officer asks you to follow him to the police station, are you under arrest?

These are difficult questions to answer. The answers are not clear and are discussed among police officers and judges. Basically there are two views. Some say that a person is arrested the moment the police officer comes up to him and restrains his freedom to walk away. Others say that an arrest is an intent of the police officer to take a person to the police station to charge him with crime. What do you think?

 

1) to restrain freedom - ограничить свободу

2) an intent - намерение

3) to charge with a crime - обвинить в преступлении