Word Combinations

due to high pressure and temperature – в ре­зультате воздействия высокого давления и температуры

thickness of pay zone – толщина продуктивной зоны

igneous rocks – магматические породы

magma induration – затвердение магмы

sedimentary rocks – осадочные породы

metamorphic rocks – ме­таморфические породы

clastic rocks – обломочные породы

сarbonate rocks – карбонатные породы

impermeable rocks – непроницаемые горные породы

INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES

Give English equivalents.

углеводороды; земная кора; поверхность материков; в толще земной коры; характерный признак осадочных пород; слоистость пород; подошва; в ходе колебательных, тектонических и горообразова­тельных процессов; глинистый сланец; каменная соль и известняки.

Say whether the following sentences are true or false. Correct the wrong statements.

1) According to the organic theory most part of hydrocarbons generated from remains of plants and animals.

2) Sedimentary rocks generated as a result of magma induration and do not contain remains of plants and animals.

3) Clastic rocks generated from skeletal remains of ancient coral reefs and other organisms.

4) Sedimentary rocks can be encountered in depressions of continents and in sea basins.

5) One example of carbonate rocks are limestones.

6) Major known oil and gas fields are concentrated in metamorphic rocks.

7) Surface restricting formation from below is called formation bottom.

8) Layers of sedimentary rocks can be located only horizontally.

9) Formation bulging upwards is called a syncline, and formation bulging downwards is called an anticline.

10) Cap rocks normally have high permeability.

Answer the following questions.

1) What two basic theories explaining origination of petroleum do you know?

2) How does the inorganic theory explain origination of petroleum?

3) How does the organic theory explain origination of petroleum?

4) Which three groups of rocks do you know?

5) How did igneous rock generate?

6) How did sedimentary rocks generate?

7) How did metamorphic rocks generate?

8) What types of sedimentary rocks do you know?

9) In what rocks are oil and gas mainly found?

10) What is the difference between an anticline and a syncline?

4. Find the information in the text:

- how hydrocarbons generated according to the organic theory;

- how the rocks can be divided by their origination;

- how sedimentary rocks can be classified;

- where major known oil and gas fields are concentrated;

- how layers of sedimentary rocks may be located;

- what the role of cap rocks is.