Glossary
| certificate (n) | сертификат,справка |
| to certify (v) | сертифицировать, подтверждать |
| confiscation (n) ; syn. seizure, forfeiture | конфискация |
| current (adj) | современный, действующий |
| to defend (v) | защищать |
| frontier (n) | граница |
| to keep out (v) | пресекать, препятствовать |
| to limit (v) | ограничивать |
| limited | ограниченный |
| a merchant (n) | торговец, купец, коммерсант |
| syn. a trader | |
| an official (n) | служащий, чиновник |
| to predate (v) | предшествовать, возникать до |
| princedom (n) | княжество |
| to purchase (v) | покупать, приобретать |
| a purchase (n) | покупка |
| to require (v) | требовать |
| requirement (n) | требование |
| a seal (n) | печать, пломба |
| to seal (v) | опечатывать, опломбировать |
| strict (adj) | строгий |
| transportation (n) | перевозка, перемещение |
| yoke (n) | иго |
UNIT 3
Лексическая тема: «Customs Areas».
Грамматическая тема: Система времен английского глагола. Страдательный залог. Времена группы Indefinite (Simple). Времена группы Continuous (Progressive).
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CUSTOMS AREAS
The Customs areas include the following:
1. Duty collection.
The assessment and collection of duties and taxes have always been one of the main functions of Customs. In fact collection of the revenue is the responsibility with which Customs usually started. The Customs has always supplied the federal budget with the revenue necessary for investment in the economy and in the country’s basic infrastructure, i.e. new schools, roads, hospitals.
Classification
Merchandise classification is the foundation on which duty collection is based. All goods entering the country should be classified by use of numerical coding system. Errors in merchandise classification often result in improper amounts of duty to be collected. Most countries use the Harmonized System of Classification which helps improve the classification of goods and prevent losses of duty collection.
Appraisement
Cargo entering the country is to be supplied with the necessary documents, f. ex. commercial invoices. This cargo document is a basis for goods valuation. Commercial invoices should reflect the proper cost of imported goods because undervaluation can result in underpayment of duties
Cargo inspection
Cargo is to be inspected for duty collection and anti-smuggling purposes. Different inspectional techniques and devices can help release merchandise quicker with less damage and also result in increased seizures of prohibited items.