ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Read and learn the following words

exceptкроме

enterвходить

bringприносить

the rest of остальные

passпроходить

throughчерез, сквозь

pulmonaryлегочной

freshсвежий

reachдостигать

destinationместо назначения

capillary капилляр

reverse обратный

describe описывать

 

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TEXT

CIRCULATION

Blood returning from all parts of the body, except the lungs, enters the right atrium. All this blood enters the right atrium through two great veins — the superior vena cava bringing blood from the head, neck and arms, and the interior vena cava which brings it back from the rest of the body.

From the right atrium, blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

Itthen passes out of the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

Here the blood gives up the waste carbon dioxide it is carrying and takes in fresh oxygen, which is part of the fuel necessary for the working of the body. This oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs in the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the heart. From here it passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Then it is pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta. This great artery di­vides into many smaller arteries which convey oxygenated blood all round the body.

When these smaller arteries reach their destination they divide again into very thin-walled vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from the blood passes through the walls of these capillaries to the body cells. Carbon dioxide, which is a waste product formed in the body cells, also passes through the capillary walls, but in the reverse direction, from the body cells to the blood. The capillaries then unite to form veins which carry the blood and waste carbon dioxide back to the right atrium of the heart via the superior and interior vena cava. As already described, the blood passes on again via the tricuspid valve, right ventricle and pulmonary artery to the lungs.