The Brain Centre of the Nervous System
4. We know the nerves to carry impulses to the brain. We know that the brain sends these impulses along so that they go to the right place. The brainjs made ug of three. partsv The cerebrum sits like a cap on the cerebellum. And the medulla is that long portion connecting the brain with the spinal cord. The cerebrum has certain parts that do certain work. Studying human beings with accidential injuries of brains helped scientists to get information about these areas. For instance they have discovered that the part for thought, memory, and feeling is found in the front of the cerebrum. The part for hearing is found at the side of the cerebrum, and the part for sight in the back of the cerebrum.
5. Many experiments have shown that the brain is the centre of feeling and understanding. The nerve cells in the brain can be «put to sleep» with ether or other anesthetics. Then the brain does not feel any impulses from the part being operated on. Sometimes the nerve cells near the part of our body being treated may be deadened by novocaine, as
156 О" Learning to Understand a Medical Text
when the dentist pulls a tooth. What the novocaine does is preventing the impulses from getting to the brain from the nerve in the tooth.
6. The cerebellum is the centre for making your muscles work as a team. The medulla is the centre of certain of our most important acts: breathing and heartbeat, on which life itself depends. The medulla is also capable of controlling acts such as swallowing and yawning.
Упражнение 6.Переведите письменно абзацы 5 и 6 текста A. i
Упражнение7. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и зачитайте их.
1. What do we know about the structure of the nerve cell? 2. How does a nerve react to a stimulus? 3. How many parts is the brain made up of? 4. What have scientists found out about the brain?
Упражнение 8.Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, выбрав
одну из данных ing-форм, подходящую по смыслу. ^
reacting, responding, combining, descending, controlling, containing, cooling,Warming У
1. A large number of narcotics or anesthetics produce depression by...
directly wtith protoplasm. 2. ... decreases and ... enhances excitability.
3. The human auditory receptors are capable of u. to%a range from 16 to
20 000 molecular vibrations. 4. Electromagnetic vibrations include in ...
order: hertzian, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, roentgen, gamma and
cosmic rays. 5. Nerves placed in solutions ... carbohydrate and fat cause
a decrease in both of these foodstuffs. 6. Cerebellum is the higher centre
for ... equilibrium. • л, ч .
Упражнение 9.Переведите следующие предложения с ing-формами на русский язык, определите их функции.
1. The intensity of an impulse arising during the relatively refractory period is less and it decreases when passing through a depressed stretch of nerve. 2. Functional nerve block can be produced without cutting or injuring the fibres permanently. 3. Among the outstanding symptoms found in cerebellar disease, ataxia (i.e. the inability of maintaining equilibrium through failure of muscular coordination) received a great deal of attention. Thus, a cigarette may be raised to the eye or a spoon may reach the ear and the patient (with cerebellar disease) is quite incapable of easily touching the tip of his nose when the eyes are closed. 4. Extensive pathological changes or injury of the brain, including the frontal
Lesson 13 <► 157
lobes, cause both in man and inimal disturbances and abnormalities aich as torpidity, inertia, inattention, indifference to surroundings, etc.