To ascend, large, the same, to discover, inferior, superior, to cover, small, various, to descend
96 ♦ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Упражнение 16.Переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова. Найдите их значение в словаре.
1. The tubules which make up the parenchyma of the kidney are very fine. 2. The weather was fine on holidays. 3. As the bladder fills the folds of the mucous coat straighten out. 4. All higher animals have a backbone or vertebral column as it is called. 5. Smooth muscles form the muscular coat of internal organs such as esophagus, stomach and so on. They are also present as single cells or as cylindrical bundles of cells in the skin. 6. The ' muscular substance of the heart is known as myocardium.
Упражнение 17.Найдите модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения.
1. All nitrogenous waste products must be thrown off by the body first because they are useless, second because in some instances they are poisonous.
2. Many substances can affect the kidney epithelium so as to render it more
or less reduced in ability to excrete urine. 3. Physiotherapeutic treatment of
patients with chronic pyelonephritis should be advisable only in combination
with medicamental therapy. 4. The kidney has to put back into the blood
stream all the materials that the body needs. 5. The process of filtration in the
kidney is dependent upon the character of the membrane which may vary in
permeability. 6. The effect of complex therapy in patients with chronic pyelo
nephritis may be only achieved when urodynamics is restored.
Упражнение18. Переведите следующие предложения. Запомните значение слов as, since.
1. As the blood courses through the capillary glomeruli, the kidney cells take up water, salts and waste bodies. 2. Pathogenetic therapy includes such antiinflammatory preparations, as salicylates, dichlorophene, lydasa, aloe.
3. The wastes are substances which are taken in with the foods or as foods.
4. The phenomena of coagulation have received great attention from physiologists since the earliest times. 5. Since the arterioles of each renal artery are smarl, blood passes through them slowly, but constantly. 6. Since plasma sodium concentration remained unchanged, the experiments establish the ability of cadmium to increase tubular sodium reabsorption.
Упражнение 19.Переведите следующие предложения. Объясните, в каких случаях форма глагола-сказуемого в настоящем времени переводится будущим временем.
1. After the kidney cells remove the end products of food from the blood these substances are washed out of the tubules into the pelvis of
Lesson 6 <У 97
Ihe kidney down the ureter into, the bladder. 2. When the man smells something that he likes to eat, the gastric juice will be poured out in large quantities. 3. If the kidney is diseased and cannot excrete urine, (he amount of urea in the blood is increased. 4. When no nerve impulses go to the heart-muscle, it will not beat regularly and rhythmically. 5. When the sympathetic nerve in the neck of a rabbit is cut, the blood vessels in the ear on that side become very much dilated.