Урок 4-0-41 Rapid Scientific Advances
Great discoveries were made in the nineteenth century. One of them was the discovery of cocaine, which was very effective as a local anaesthetic. Surgeons could inject cocaine into a certain part of the body and deaden (заглушать) the pain in that part during the operation.
When the problem of pain was solved, surgeons could cany out long and complicated operations.
A very important discovery was made by the French chemist, physicist and bacteriologist Louis Pasteur. We know him as the originator of the «germ theory» of disease. He discovered fermentation and developed the process of pasteurization. Louis Pasteur produced the theory that disease and infection were caused by germs and he proved that they were spread through the air. He found that germs could be killed in the liquids (жидкостях) by heat (теплом) and the term «pasteurization» was given to this process. Milk is treated in this way today to make it safe to drink.
Rudolf Virchov became known for his work in cellular pathology, and Herman von Helmholtz for his invention of the ophthalmoscope in 1850. Lord Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867, and Wilhelm K. Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895. He placed his hand in front of the apparatus and saw that the rays passed through the hand and cast a shadow (тень) of bones on the screen (экран). Because he did not know what the rays were he called them X-rays.
Упражнение 15.1) Прочтите и запомните следующие слова.
to cause [ko:z] быть причиной, вызывать; cause [ko:z] причина; infection [m'fekfan] инфекция; infectious [in'fekfas] инфекционный; pneumonia [nju:'mounja] пневмония; muscle ['mAsI] мышца
2) Прочтите про себя первые два абзаца текста. Найдите и прочтите
вслух эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов.
двадцатое столетие, лечение и предупреждение заболевания, группы крови, хорошо составленная диета
3) Прочтите и переведите абзацы 3, 4, 5. При чтении соблюдайте правила паузации и интонации.
4) Прочтите и переведите, пользуясь словарем, абзацы 6, 7.