Review the use of TENSES in English and put the verb in brackets in the correct form active or passive

The work of many scientists 1)_____(pave) the way for the exploration of DNA. Way back in 1868, almost a century before the Nobel Prize 2)___( award) to Watson, Crick and Wilkins, a young Swiss physician named Friedrich Miescher,3)_____ (isolate) something no one 4)____ (see) before from the nuclei of cells. He 5)___(call) the compound "nuclein." This is today called nucleic acid, the "NA" in DNA (deoxyribo-nucleic-acid) and RNA (ribo-nucleic-acid).

Two years earlier, the Czech monk Gregor Mendel, 6)___(finish) a series of experiments with peas. His observations 7)_____ (turn) out to be closely connected to the finding of nuclein. Mendel 8)___(to be able) to show that certain traits in the peas, such as their shape or color, were inherited in different packages. These packages 9)____(to be) what we now call genes.

The remarkable scientific accomplishment that 10)____ (achieve) is to provide nearly complete DNA sequences for the 24 human chromosomes. Within a relatively short period of time, these sequences 11)_____( be ) precisely known. Eventually, the genomes of almost every living creature on Earth 12)___(be) part of the scientific data bank, the sum of which constitutes the Library of Life.

 

2. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1) To crack the code	a)
2) distinguish one individual from another	b)
3) the sequence of the human genome	c)
4) Messenger ribonucleic acid	d)
5) the protein-producing machinary of a cell	e)
6) The amino acid sequence of a protein	f)
7) the male-defining Y chromosome	g)
8) repetitive, non-functional nucleotide sequences	h)
9) development of therapeutic drugs	i)
10) to make health-driven lifestyle changes	j)
11) to tailor treatment to individuals	k)
12) be at the mercy of the forces of natural selection	l)
13) the genetics-dominated world	m)

 

Find and learn English equivalents for the following words and expressions

 

1) Сущность жизни	a)
2) Достижение, успех	b)
3) Кодировать белки	c)
4) Передаваться от одного поколения к следующему	d)
5) Программа (модель) жизни	e)
6) Состоять из	f)
7) Более высокие формы жизни	g)
8) Удивительным образом	h)
9) Медицина, основанная на генетике	i)
10) Бесчисленные заболевания людей	j)
11) Прогнозировать побочные эффекты от лекарств	k)
12) Мощное средство\инструмент	l)
13) По желанию, по своему усмотрению	m)

 

Translate the following passage from English into Russian.