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steamship пароход
railroad железная дорога
inland waterways континентальные водные пути
passenger пассажир
freight груз
international journey международное путешествие
long-distance travel дальнее путешествие
aeroplane (us airplane) самолет
principal carrier главный перевозчик
cruise путешествовать для удовольствия, совершать круиз
ferry паром
schedule график, расписание
fixed route постоянный маршрут, зафиксированный в расписании
charter operation чартерная авиалиния
aircraft самолет, авиафлот

 

 


Transportation is a vital aspect in the total tourist industry because being in a different place from where you live is an essential feature of tourism.

Without the modern high-speed forms of transportation that are available to large numbers of people, tourism would be possible only for a tiny fraction of population. During the 19th century railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world. They formed the first successful system of mass transportation, carrying crowds of people to such English seaside resorts as Brighton, Margate and Blackpoll. The tourists on Thomas Cook's first organised tour in 1841 travelled by railroad.

Steamships were developed at about the same time as railroads, but they were used for the most part on inland waterways. By 1900, they were developed so that they were carrying passengers and freight on all the oceans of the world.

Unfortunately for those people who prefer leisurely travel, both railroads and steamships have lost much of their business in the second half of the 20th century. The automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travel. It offers convenience.

A very large percentage of domestic tourism now takes advantage of the automobile for transportation. In Europe, where the distance from one national board to another may be very short, automobiles are also used extensively for international journeys.

For long-distance travel, the aeroplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier. The aeroplane has become so commonplace that we often fail to realise what a recent development in transportation it really is.

Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising. A cruise is a voyage by ship that is made for pleasure rather than to arrive quickly at a fixed destination. The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation. When the tourists reach a port, they are usually conducted on one-day excursions, but return to the ship to eat and to sleep. Particularly in Europe, the tourist who wants to have his car with him on a trip can take advantage of car ferries across the English Channel or the Strait of Gibraltar. Car ferries even ply across large bodies of water such as the North Sea between England or Scotland and Scandinavia.

The airlines are now very prominent in the tourist industry and it is important to remember that there are two kinds of airline operations, scheduled and non-scheduled.

A scheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to a timetable that is available to the public.

A non-scheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for the service. The non-scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft. The competition between the two has been very intense.

The scheduled airlines aim their services primarily at business travellers, at people visiting friends and relatives, and at others who travel alone or in small group. A scheduled airline flight is usually filled with strangers going to the same destination.