UNIT 11

Практикум по правилам чтения

Для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I

Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005

Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В. Практикум по правилам чтения для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I. Тюмень: Издательство ТюмГУ, 2005.

Данный практикум предназначен для начального этапа изучения английского языка и его цель – овладение навыками чтения и их систематизация. Правила чтения каждой буквы и всех буквосочетаний представлены в многочисленных таблицах. Для отработки произносительных навыков предлагаются также упражнения, тестовые задания и тексты.

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов.

Рецензенты: Латфуллина И. Д., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов;

Мастерских С. В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарных факультетов.

PRE-UNIT

The A B C

A a[ eI ] B b[ bI: ] C c[ sI: ] D d[ dI: ] E e[ I: ] F f[ ef ] G g[ GI: ] H h[ eIC ] I i[ QI ] J j[ GeI ] K k[ keI ] L l [ el ] M m [ em ]

N n[en] O o[ Oυ ] P p [ pI: ] Q q [ kjυ: ] R r [ Q: ] S s [ es ] T t[ tI: ] U u[ jυ: ] V v [ VI: ] W w [ 'dAbl 'jυ: ] X x[ eks ] Y y[ ωQI ] Z z[ zed ]

Таблица чтения гласных

закрытый слог	открытый слог	Гласные буквы	гласная + r	гласная + r + гласная
[ x ] bag	[ eI ] may, make	A a	[ Q: ] car	[ eq ] care
[ e ] pen	[ I: ] bee, Pete	E e	[ q: ] her	[ Iq ] here
[ O ] not	[ Oυ ] no, rose	O o	[ O: ] north	[ O: ] more
[ A ] but	[ jυ: ] due, cube	U u	[ q: ] turn	[ jυq ] cure
[ I ] little, gym	[ QI ] time, cry	I, Y	[ q: ] bird, myrtle	[ QIq ] wire, tyre

UNIT 1

1. открытый слог [ eI ] A a-закрытый слог [ x ]	blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van
2. открытый слог [ I: ] E e- закрытый слог [ e ]	eve, me, mete, Pete, bee net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step
3. открытый слог [ Oυ ] O o- закрытый слог [ O ]	so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft
4. [ s ] перед e, i, y C c- [ k ] перед a, o, u; в конце слова	centre, space, 'sentence, cent can, case, cor'rect, cone, cat
5. [G] передe, i, y G g - [g ] во всех остальных случаях	But: get [ gеt ], give [ gIV ], girl [ gq:l ] gale, god, grim, 'gossip, glad, gas, got page, gym, 'gypsy, 'gentle
1 а) tram bag pan tramp pram mass grand ram drag lass	b) date late plate state skate	fate made trade wade safe
c) graze – braze – craze maze – mane – dame ale – sale – make ape – tape – plate ace – cape – crape late – tale – trade save – sale – same	d) pan – pane flat – late can – cane bat – bate Sam – same hat – hate tram – tame glad – glade man – mane mat – mate rat – rate lamp – lane tap – tape fat – flake

Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp.

2 a) trek pen Nell b) met – mete fence – Eve

stress press leg pet – Pete mend – Mede

mess left keg bed – be met - mete

hem dress peg bell – grebe zed – zebu

lest stem egg wed – Swede melt – bede

beg spell desk cent – grebe

c) pen – pan men – man ten – tan

bed – bad leg – lag beg – bag

end – and lend – land deb – damp

met – mat bed – bat fet – fat

d) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane

bad – bed – bade dam – den – dam cab – ken – cane

flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane

3 a) home – Rome prone – strove spoke – coke

bone – cone tone – prone broke – stoke

no – stone robe – rope dome – nose

strove – grove probe – grope home – rose

code – vote lode – note tone – close

smoke – woke lobe – lope pole – vote

b) trod pond prod prop smog

moss grog loss drop dot

lost stop bog spot loss

c) boss – broke cross – loss hop – hope blob – lobe

not – note stoke – coke mop – mope nod – node

mock – smoke rod – rode cod – code pop – pope

d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Don’t go slow. Don’t go slowly, Joe. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there’s no snow on the road.

4 a) can act correct camp clap

cat fact cost club crop

b) cent space trace cist place

ace nice ice cell pencil

face price 'pencil cyst

c) cist – cyst cab – cad – cam since – fence

cell – Celt can – camp – cap mince – pence

cell – cent cob – cod – con since – mince

clog – crop – cop fence – pence

cum – scum – cut hence – trace

5 a) gem – gym b) gap – gas – gad

gest – gist got – god – gob

gig – gyp golf – glad – grab

gin – gim grog – gloss – goblin

age – rage

page – strange

gentle – range c) bad – lag – hag – brag – crag

'gypsy [ 'GIpsI ] beg – leg – keg – clog – peg

big – pig – brig – Greg – big

bog – log – hog – fog – flog

Test yourself:'sentence, gym, 'gypsy, gig, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, mince, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, ice, price, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, table, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, tip, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, side, nice.

UNIT 2

6.Y y - [ j ] в начале слова	yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke
7. открытый слог [ QI ] I, Y- закрытый слог [ I ]	by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system
8. открытый слог [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] после r, l, j закрытый слог [ A ]	cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But:busy [ bIzI ]
9.ck - [ k ]	lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck

6 a) yes – yet bell – yell

you – yoke elm – yelp

yam – yak end – yes

7a) it – did nip – nib trip – big

bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin

it – lid strip – trim miss – print

kit – kid pin – bin him – grip

prim – brim prill – brill list – still

b) by style tyke fly – sly

my dyke type fry – pry

cry syce Tyke my – dry

c) file – tile mile – pile rid – ride tie – die

fine – dine lime – crime grid – bride bye – dye

pipe – ripe gripe – stripe scrip – scribe lie – pie

ride – side bride – pride mince – mine lye – rye

drive – wife strive – wife wince – wine

8 a) use – fuse – cute brume – Rome mule – mole

mute – fume – Hume rule – role Hume – home

muse – cube – tube prune – prone fume – bone

huge – mule –due tune – tone huge – cola

b) ruse – Bruce plume – flute price – spruce

rune – prune flute – fluke rise – ruse

Hume – brume fluke – plume scribe – cube

prude – brute fly – flute rice – truce

rude – crude ply – plume 'useful – re'fuse

due – huge fly – rude pro'duce – oppor'tunity

dry – dune

c) cub – cube tub – tube fuss – fuse huge – cute

us – use hug – huge tune – truce tune – mule

cut – cute luck – Luke dune – spruce rug – glue

rud – rude nut – true suck – stuck duck – duke

run – rune rut – dug struck – cut brush – Brume

plum – plume bus – blue sum – mule luck – fluke

rub – rule rub – rude 'under – use dull – duke

d) dis'cuss, 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'less, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day

a) pack – stack – slack Nick – stick – click deck – neck – reck duck – stuck – struck lock – clock – block

b) click – fleck – clock – cluck – clack dick – deck – dock – duck – back sick – neck – sock – suck – sack lick – lock – luck – lack – luke

Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, size, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, side, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, is, did, nine, type, life, hug, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, rise, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, cross, deck, run, plus, big, tube, study, sum, tube, cone, dress, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry.

UNIT 3

10. [ υ: ] перед m, l, n oo- [ υ ]	fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot
11. j dge- [ G ]	just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig badge, lodge, bridge
12. sh- [ S]	she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship
13. ch в словах англ. происхождения - [ C ] tch	chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, crutch , chop, chess, match

10 a) bug – book b) good – hook

hug – hook stood – took

tug – took foot – book

nut – nook wood – look

lug – look cook – wool

c) loo – too – zoo – woo d) poodle

loom – toon – zoom – swoon noodle

loop – stoop – swoop toodle

sloop – coop – troop – snoop tat'too – sa'loon

hoot – loot – root – moot bal'loon – ba'boon

11 a) gap – jab gut – jut got – jot jib – gin

gust – just gum – jam gog – jog jest – gest

gag – Jack gosh – Josh god – Jo just – gist jam – gem jin – gin

b) jest – yes jazz – yam

jet – yet Jack – yak

jam – yam Jam – yell

c) dog – dodge leg – fledge bad – badge

log – lodge hog – hedge odd – dodge

bag – badge brig – bridge bud – budge

plug – plunge egg – edge fled – fledge

fringe – hinge lunge – plunge led – ledge

12a) shop – shot b) ash – dash – rash – cash

shell – shelf mesh – dish – fresh – fish

shall – sham smash – splash – crash – trash

shock – shod rush – hush – flush – crush

chat – shunt shut – shim – shrill – shrimp

13 a) chess chest check b) hatch – latch – match – much

chap chat champ fetch – drench – crutch – snatch

chin chill chip itch – hitch – pitch – rich – scratch

chop chuck chat

c) chip – ship cash – catch d) back – batch – badge

chop – shop crush – Dutch block – blotch – lodge

crutch – grudge etch – edge deck – etch – edge

fetch – fledge inch – fringe luck – lunch – plunge

blotch – lodge check – change lick – lynch – hinge

[ 'CeInG ]

e) Madge – age

badge – page

cadge – cage

cadge – sage

Test yourself:fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, bridge, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, loose, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, June, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, sock, log, swoon, jab, loom.

UNIT 4

14.ee - [ I: ] ea	see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean
15. ai - [ eI ] ay	pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain
16.e, i, y-[ I ] в безударном положении	'study, 'noisy, 'lobby, 'pony, 'sorry, 'lorry, 'duty, be'gin, di'vide
17. [ T ] th- [ D ]	theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father
18. oв безуд. полож. a - [ q] u	'sofa, 'comma, 'husband, pa'rade a'gain, a'go, to'day, up'on

14 a) fee – tree keep – been – seen

feel – green speech – keen – green

sheet – sheep feed – need – sleeve

freeze – meet see – sweep – feet

bee – see need – deep – sleep

b) fee – feel c) eat – meat mete – meat – meet

glee – green tea – sea seam – seem – weak

lee – sleep pea – beam scene – scream – screen

bee – been heat – neat eat – pea – clean

see – seen tree – meat sea – seat – cheap

deep – keen east – deal deal – each – seat

d) week – weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,

see – sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,

meet – meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap

speech – speak

reed – read

seem – seam

screen – scream

f) lead – lid bean – bin g) feel – fill green – grin

leap – lip eat – it beet – bit heed – hid

least – list reach – rich week – wick sleet – slit

meal – mill seat – sit cheek – chick been – bit

peach – pitch heat – hit sleep – slip fleet – fit

beat – bit peak – pick seek – sick sweet – wit

each – itch read – rid deed – did feel – fit

Read: The art of Biography

Is different from Geography.

Geography is about maps,

Biography is about chaps.

15say sail stay stain main

day drain tray tail train

pay pail play plain gait

way wail may Spain lay

16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry – 'tarry 'merry – 'Perry

'lady 'lorry 'marry – 'parry 'cherry – 'sherry

'very 'crazy 'sorry – 'sherry fatty – jolly

'lobby 'finally 'ferry – 'cherry dandy – fancy

'berry happy

c) em'bed d) 'marry e) in'scribe

re'cede 'very in'blame

de'stroy 'baby dis'close

re'ply 'lady dis'cover

de'fy 'story dis'cuss

de'ny 'vary 'public

f) Be'gin to read.

Ex'plain it.

Re'peat it, please.

Re'peat it again.

'Try it again. The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.

17a) thin thick theft thrift b) with

width thump throb thin thus

thrill thrum thrill thud them

myth depth smith thug this

math tenth thug thrust that

thump theft depth myth then

kith filth smith cloth than

c) this – myth that – math with – filth

this – pith that – depth with – smith

this – throb that – thrill with – thrill

d) sick – thick zip – this

sin – thin zed – then

silk – thrill Zen – then

mat – math dad – that

tilt – filth dust – thus

kit – kith disk – this

tent – tenth den – then

18a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess

a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra

to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary

a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital

b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club

Test yourself:zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, tease, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, breath, em'bed, past, flask, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, vast, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, agree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep'ly, gain, then, sixth, with, com'pose, bath, bathe.

UNIT 5

19. [ ks ] x- [ gz ] перед ударной гласной	next, text, sex, vex, box, ex'cept, ex'pect, 'excellent, tax e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit
20. oi -[ OI ] oy	oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice
21. kn-[ n ]	knee, knife, knock, knew, knell
22. ng- [ N ] в конце слова nk-[ Nk ] But: [ Ng ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular в середине слова	English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think
23. qu- [ kω ]	quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit
24. s, ss, sc- [ s ] s-[ z ] между гласными	bus, sense, miss, scent ease, tease, please, his, noise

19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act

text six flax ex'hibit [ Ig'zIbIt ]

ox box ax ex'aggerate [ Ig'zæGqreIt ]

mix Max e'xist [ Ig'zIst ]

ex'amination [ IgzæmI'neISn ]

ex'ample [ Ig'zQ:mpl ]

20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler

toy spoil joist poison 'boycott

joy toil moist 'roister point

troy oil voice 'toilet coin

21a) knit – knock knap – nap

knife – knave knick – Nick

knick – knack knell – Nell

knap – knag knack – snack

knot – knob knot – not

knell – knelt knife – wife

b) knap – nap c) knap – cat

knick – Nick knick – kick

knell – Nell knot – cot

knack – snack knock – cock

knot – not knave – cave

knag – nag knob – rob

knife – wife knoll – lot

knave – wave knelt – net

22a) sing – king gang – tang b) ink – link

ring – bring bang – sprang brink – clink

sling – fling lung – flung drink – think

spring – swing song – gong tank – thank

flank – frank

bunk – chunk

c) sing – sang – sung d) ink sang

ring – rang – rung link ping

cling – clang – clung bank strong

sting – stang – stung trunk bring

spring – sprang – sprung wink swing

fling – flang – flung

e) ran – rang – range f) 'single

ban – bang – bank 'finger

tan – tang – tank 'singular

tug – rung – trunk

thin – thing – think g) sing – singe – inch – ink

sink – sank – sunk bring – cringe – pinch – pink

stink – stank – stunk – stitch

king – fringe – winch – wink

drink – drank – drunk

flung – flunge – hunch – hunk

lung – lunge – bunch – bunk

23quill – quilt

quick – quip

quiz – quint

quell – well

quest – west

24 a) is – his b) bus 'person add'ress

as – has release 'sense res'ponse

rose – nose case suc'cess

rise – noise suspense c) his – kiss bus – is

lose – close reset his – hiss plus – is

zone – those mesa his – miss us – is

rise – prize cross

zoo – zoom rose

braze – maze close

Test yourself:next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, ex'act, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex'treme, quite, point, text, depth, re'sponse, strength, toy, ex'cept, knee, these, prize, thing, 'liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil.

UNIT 6

25. ea-[ e ]перед d, th	dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ]
26. o-[ A ] перед m, n, th, v	'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money
27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu	new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe
28. i+ld,nd- [ QI ]	grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωQind ]
29. igh-[ QI ]	fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night

25a) head – read – spread – thread – dead – dread

feather – weather – breath – death – stead – lead

b) heading – 'deadly c) a'head heal – head

spread – 'dreadful in'stead deal – dead

thread – steady be'head steal – stead

be'spread beat – breath

be'stread treat – thread

d) heed – head e) Whether the weather be fine,

deep – death Whether the weather be not,

breed – bread Whether the weather be cold,

breed – breath Or whether the weather be hot,

deed – dead We’ll weather the weather

reed – fleet Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

26son come love wonder other cover become

won some dove mother another money London

front above glove brother month company

27 a) feud few grew rue – drew

deuce new crew due – dew

Zeus chew threw flue – flew

true – sue

b) 'neutral – 'newly 'Andrew – 'Lewis

'Newton – 'Euclid 'newish – a'new

'Eugene – 'Newton re'new – 'newal

28-29a) wild – child – mild

nigh – sigh – nigh – thigh

fight – night – tight – sight – might

slight – light – right – bright – plight

kind – mind – find – bind – blind – rind

b) file – fight mite – might will – wild pile – plight

style – sight tile – tight chill – child

Nile – night lime – light mill – mild

c) wink – wing – wind

brink – bring – bind

sink – fling – find

think – spring – grind

Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might.

UNIT 7

30. [ ∫ ] в словах ch- франц. происх. - [ k ] в словах греч. происхождения	ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes, chic, champagne [∫æm'peIn ] 'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school
31. гласные в ударном слоге читаются как в открытом слоге перед согласной + le	'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable
32. ph- [ f ] в словах греческого происхождения	'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic
33.a+ff, th-[ Q: ]	'pather, 'father, 'bathroom, path
34.a+lm[ m] a+ lf[ f ] [ Q: ] -a+nce a+nch a+nt	palm, balm, salmon, calm calf, half, halves dance, glance, France, chance ranch, branch grant, plant, can’t, shan’t
35. ey - [ eI ] ei	grey, o'bey, they, veil
36. a+s+cогл.- [ Q: ]	ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last

30 machine, chef, Chicago, chimes, chrome, chlorite, scheme, chorus, architect, mechanic, technical, character

31a) tape – table b) rifle sable cobble

state – stable stifle cable noble

cape – cable trifle table ogle

ape – able cycle stable fugle

babe – fable title Maple Bible

idle bridle

32phone phase 'phantom 'telegraph

phlok phrase Phillip 'atmosphere

Phipps photo phut 'alphabet

Phony phobia 'paragraph

33a) staff – chaff b) calm – palm calves – halves

aft – craft – shaft calm – charm leaf – leaves

bath – path – lath balm – palm life – lives

staff – bluff – fluff calf – half wife – wives

c) France – chance – dance – glance shunt – shan’t

plant – grant – can’t – shan’t hunt – can’t

branch – stanch – ranch – planch stuff – staff

cuff – chaff

d) bat – bath

lad – lath

pat – path

34a) calm – palm calf – half half – harm calm – charm

calf – half calf – scarf balm – barn palm – farm

calve – halve

balm – palm

35 a) grey fey b) same – they plane – feint

rein vein face – fey wave – vein

veil trey trace – trey crane – rein

they skein

feint ley

36a) class – pass – glass – grass – brass

ask – task – flask – bask – mask

fast – past – cast – vast – mast

b) past – pass – grasp

fast – glass – clasp

cast – class – gasp

last – grass – rasp

Test yourself: ma'chine, phlok, 'telephone, rein, 'technical, 'alphabet, chaff, halves, phrase, glance, staff, chef, 'chronicle, path, grey, cable, obey, palm, calm, fast, de'mand, me'chanics, 'character, plant, noble, scholar, stable, physics, graphics, they, pass, glass, fast, task, class, past, branch, bath, half, hey, glass, stable, noble, photo, idle.

UNIT 8

37. au - [ L ] aw	'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, 'raucid, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful
38. lt a-[ L ] ll lse lk[ k ]	'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all
39. oar-[ L ]	oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse
40. au + gh-[ L ] ou	caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought
41. qua-[ kωL ]	'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry

37a) paw saw b) haunt – taunt c) 'August – 'aurrist

maw raw haunch – launch 'aura – 'aural

jaw yaw 'Mauna – jaunt 'austral – 'auburn

law caw 'awful – 'sawmill 'auto – 'autumn

claw slaw 'bawdy – 'sawder (n не читается)

taw thaw 'trawler – 'crawler

38 a) all – fall – small – tall – stall b) talk – chalk all – balk

call – ball – salt – small – false chalk – walk wall – walk

falling – calling – stalling – wall small – talk stall – stalk

salty – fallen – baldly – spall all – chalk call – chalk

task – talk mask – chalk

ask – chalk cask – stalk

stalk – balk bask – balk

c) calm – palm calf – half carves – halves

calm – balm palm – half calf – scarf

39 board, coarse, hoarse, roar, boar, oar, hoard, hoar, soar

40a) ought fought draught

nought saught daughter

bought thought brought

b) fort – fought ought

sort – sought 'daughter

thorn – thought draught

north – naught caught

41 a) quad – squad b) 'quadrant c) quail quiet

quash – squash quadral quaint quill

gosh – quarrel quadrate quake 'quota

quality queen

qualifi'cation quick

Test yourself:auto,bauble, fault, 'quality, half, 'naughty, coarse, wall, alter, Paul, wash, fought, quart, ought, hoar, walk, 'saucer, 'August, 'quarrel, 'daughter, 'almost, 'Baltic, draw, 'quarter, auto'matic, cause, call, brought, thought, low, caught, false, quantity, hoard, quant, pause, bought, thought, quash, spall, chalk, author.

UNIT 9

42. er ir [ q: ] в yrударном urслоге	herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle
43. eer - [ Iq ] ear ere	cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, dear, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here But: were [ ωq ], [ ωq: ]
44. ire - [ QIq ] yre	tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire
45. ure-[ jυ:∂]	lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure
46.oor-[ υq ]	moor, spoor, poor But:floor [ flL ], door [ dL ]

42a) her, ob'serve, 'verses, 'person, re'turn, merge, ab'surd, heard, re'serve

b) fur – 'further surd – 'surplus nurse – 'murder

fur – 'furnish Turk – 'Turkish surd – 'sturdy

fur – 'furnace turk – 'turnip urge – 'urgent

curl – 'curly purr – pure plur – lure

curt – cure 'purchase – 'turnover 'curtain – cure

occur – obs'cure fur – fure

c) thirst – third sir – 'circus first – firstly

firm – 'firman bird – birch dirt – dirty

Read: I observed. I observed an absurd person. I observed the absurd person and I heard her. I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses. When I returned I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses.

43 a) deer beer sere sphere queer

ear near veer steer fear

Shear smear dear rear tear

Here mere spear hear clear

b) nearing, steering, fearing, rearing, clearing, cheering

44a) mire hire tire fire wiry wiring

spire sire quire byre miry firing

tyre pyre lyre squire hiring tiring

b) ad'mire at'tire de'sire

cons'pire re'spire ex'pire

re'quire in'spire re'tire

en'quire

c) fine – fire type – tyre fir – fire

wide – wire site – sire sir – sire

hide – hire mile – mire bird – byre

spite – spire pipe – pyre birch – lyre

quite – quire ar'rive – ad'mire 'firman – 'fireman

45a) en'dure pure – purely

al'lure pure – purer

se'cure pure – purest

lure – luring

46a) poor – poorly b) cute – cure huge – pure

poor – poorer rule – poor mule – moor

poor – poorest plume – spoor

Test yourself:west, term, sphere, here, breeze, these, were, sere, chest, hem, stress, prefer, bed, germ, further, curtain, smart, burst, learn, pure, near, firm, turn, se'cure, wire, circle, hear, verb, cheer, curve, clear, spoor, cure, nerve, burn, re'tire, queer, fire, dirty, third, require, tyre, re'turn, dear, merge, poor, con'vert, ad'mire, hire, person, sir, fur, 'circuit, 'ther'mal, surface, university, early, 'thirsty.

UNIT 10

47. ar- [ Q: ]	cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car
48. are- [ e¶ ] A + r + гласная	rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare But: are [a:]
49.air -[ eq ] eir	air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their
50. or - [ L ] ore	cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, explore
51. wa-[ ωO ]	watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water, walk
52. war- [ ωL ]	war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward
53. wor- [ ωq: ]	word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network

47-48 a) mar – mare dark – dare barn – bare

car – care spar – spare farm – fare

star – stare far – fare harm – hare

bar – bare charm – chair tar – tare

b) mate – mare wake – ware

cate – care rake – rare

state – stare bake – bare

shake – share fate – fare

c) far – car – bar – mar – tar – star

car – cart – barn – card – par – carp

part – start – tart – smart – cart – art

arm – farm – darn – barn – tarn – charm

d) cat – cart bad – bard fame – farm scape – scar

mat – smart match – march Dane – darn cape – carp

cap – cart cad – card shame – charm shape – sharp

bat – Bart dad – yard stake – stark spade – spar

e) mare bare care dare fare share

air pair hair fair their careful

prepare parent hairy daring farewell careless

49a) fair – fairly pail – pair hail – hair air – airship

hair – hairless fail – fair air – aim pare – fairy

air – airless chain – chair stain – stair

b) they – their c) fair – fail dare – daring

they – there hair – hail stare – staring

they – where rare – rail share – sharing

where – there chair – chain care – caring

stair – stain pare – parent

air – aim flare – flaring

50 a) fort torn sport York short horse	b) for – form sort – short fork – cork nor – norm torch – scorch ford – cord	or – storm torn – thorn born – corn port – porter storm – stormy for – forty	c) fore bore tore ore spore more Yore shore core
d) cod – corn odd – lord cock – cork fog – forge Bob – born	code – cord tone – torn cone – corn phone – form stone – storm	e) sharp – short card – cord are – form farm – form parch – porch

51-53 a) was – squash watt – wand

watch – wash want – squat

b) 'warmer – wormy work – worker c) 'farmer – warder

warder – worker wored – woredly 'former – warder

wardress – worthy worse – worser varnish – warship

warship – worship worst – worsen Cornish – warty

re'ward – reword worth – worthy [ 'ωq:DI ] barman – wardress

a'ward – a word word – wordy corner – warmer

farther – warmer corny – warship

d) tapper – taper – Tarter ladder – lazy – larder

chatter – chaser – charter manner – maker – market

panty – paper – partner

Test yourself:mare, charm, wormy, award, want, worst, forty, ex'plore, worse, store, share, watch, work, born, card, cord, world, more, far, hard, fair, forty, store, yore, York, porch, phone, are, sore, morning, code, core, harm, their, torn, forge, spore, scorch, far, barn, shake, fare, trade, tale, bag, Sam, dare, care, car, mate, smart, card, rare, fate, square, stare, shame, bart, yard, bare, ware, re'ward, re'port, walk, prepare, article, pair.

UNIT 11

54. ou- [ Qυ ] ow- [ Qυ, Oυ ]	[ Qu ] out, a'bout, round, town, ground, brown, pound, a'mount, gown, loud, down [ Ou ] row, know, show, blow, throw, snow
55. our - [ Qυq ] ower	our, flour, sour, flower
56. wr- [ r ]	wrist, wrench, wry, write, wrap, wrong
57. wh- [ ω ] wh + o[ h ]	whine, why, wheel, whale, while, whim, wheat whose [ hυz ], who [ hυ ], whom [ hυm ], whose [ hυz ]

54[ Qυ ] [ Oυ ]

a) bow al'low browse bow slow

row ac'count crown row tow

cow dis'count ground show mow

now 'output noun glow flow

'powerful found mouse known borrow

b) lone – glow stone – mown

so – slow rose – row

no – mow snow – smoke

c) faun – found sauce – house d) hawk – how

haunt – hound fault – foul dawn – down

laud – loud staunch – stout claw – clown

Maude – mound pause – rouse pawn – pound

pawl – foul

55 a) our – sour – dour – flour – scour – hour [ Qυq ]

b) our – out sour – stout hourly

hour – oust flour – flounce sourly

scour – scout dour – doubt flouring

our – noun sour – south dourer

hour – mmess – moss – muss – mass

him – hem – loss – hum – ham b) timber – timer – thirty

list – lest – lost – last – lass sister – spider – skirmish

big – bed – bog – bug – bag finish – final – firmer

pin – pen – pond – pun – pan differ – diver – dirty

Test yourself:wiry, follow, expire, show, yellow, voted, secure, moor, snow, mountain, vet, whose, our, south, stress, down, wrack, while, dwell, wrench, count, slow, low, why, twist, print, hour, wrong, whole, flower, whom, finish, still, swim, write, noun, hourly.