Types of questions1

Questions with the answer yes or no are formed with an auxiliary verb + subject + main verb. The auxiliary can be, do,be,have and modal verbs.

 

Present simple Do you live in Astana?

Does she go to the cinema?

 

Present continuous Are you sitting here?

Is he speaking on the phone?

 

Present perfect Have you ever eaten octopus?

Has she written the letter?

 

Past simple Did you phone?

 

Past continuous Were you having a bath?

 

Past perfect Had she already left?

 

 

Can/ could Can you swim?

 

Must Must she go?

 

 

Wh – questions We can make a special questions with a question word:

what, how, why, where, who, whose. After the question

we use the same structure as Yes/No question:

auxiliary verb + subject + main verb

 

 

Present simple When do you leave?

 

 

Present continuous Where are you sitting ?

Who is speaking on the phone?

 

 

Present perfect What have you seen?

What has she written ?

 

Past simple How did you feel?

 

Past continuous When were you having a bath?

 

Past perfect Who had you told?

 

Can/ could What can you do?

 

Must What must she do?

 

Lesson 5

Types of questions2

Tag or Disjunctive Questions

Tag question is a short phrase at the end of a statement that turns it into a question. Tag questions are formed using auxiliaries (do, have, be or modal).

Positive statement has a negative tag, and vice versa.

You speak French, don`t you?

You don`t speak French, do you?

The tag for I am is aren`t. The tag for let`s is shall

After an imperative we use will you? or won`t you?

Sit down, will you?

He is here, is not he? (Он здесь, не так ли?)

He is not here, is he? (Его здесь нет, не правда ли?)

You will come, won’t you? (Ты придешь, не правда ли?)

Jane doesn’t play tennis, does she?

You do not have to go there now, do you?

Tom speaks English fluently, doesn’t he?

Your brother can repair radio-sets, can not he?

Lesson 6

Gerund

 

Gerund is formed by adding ing to the infinitive:

Go-going

Put-putting

Leave- leaving

Die-dying

 

We often use ing forms as subject:

Smoking is bad for you.

 

We can put objects after ing forms:

Eating chocolate does not make you slim.

 

After some verbs we use ing forms:

Keep love suggest stop dislike

Finish like enjoy hate prefer

Can`t help mind give up practice continue

 

When we have prepositions + verb we must use an ing form:

The children are tired of going to the same place every summer.

To be interested in art of

To be proud of habit of

To object to hope of

To prevent from thought of

To depend on idea of

To hear of fear of

To afraid of skill in

To think of necessity of

To insist on chance of

To approve of problem of

 

The Gerund has the forms of tenses:

Form active passive

Simple cleaning being cleaned

Perfect having having been

Cleaned cleaned

 

Ruslan likes washing his cat. The cat likes being washed by Ruslan.

I remember having told the news. I remember having been told the news.