The Developments of the Twentieth Century
1. During the first seventy years of the twentieth century many discoveries were made in the treatment and prevention of disease. In 1901 Kari Landsteiner discovered the blood groups.
42 ♦ Reviewing Some Basic Facts about the English Language
2. Some diseases are not caused by germs or infections but by the lack (недостаток, нехватка) of certain substances in our food. The discovery of vitamins in 1912 was very important to provide (обеспечить) people with a properly balanced diet.
3. In 192/2 | Sir Frederick Banting /found | that insulin | is very ef/fective | against diabetes \,mellitus.
4. Penicillin was discovered in 19/28 | by Dr. Alexander Fleming | who became the /founder | of the modern science | of anitibio\sis. Penicillin was used in /hospitals | to reduce infections in /wounds | during the Second World \War. Streptomycin | and a series of anti-infection /drugs were discovered | after pe\nicillin. All these /drugs | are known as antibi\otics.
5. A /drug known as sulphani/lamide | was discovered in 1935. It became the first | of the «miracle» /drugs (чудодейственные лекарства) which gave immediate and amazing (блестящий) re/suits | in the treatment of many infectious di/seases including pneu\monia.
6. During the two world wars, great advances were made in the field of plastic surgery, in which skin, bone, or muscle was taken from one part of the body and then was transplanted to a badly injured area in another part.
7. Great progress was made in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, bacterial and viral infections; Renovation methods of diagnosing such as CT (computer tomography), MRT (magnetic resonance tomography), ultrasonography have been developed.