A) Use different forms of the Gerund, answering the questions.
1. What do you prefer – teaching or being taught?
2. What do you like – giving lectures or being given lectures?
3. What do you dislike – ignoring people or being ignored?
4. What do you hate – telling lies or being told lies?
5. What do you enjoy – playing football or watching it over TV?
6. What are you fond of – giving presents or being given presents?
B) Say what you are (or are not) afraid of / fond of / like / hate.
Singing a song in public, giving lessons at school, solving difficult problems, taking exams, interrupting people, taking part in public discussions, speaking English with foreigners.
*C) Say what you or your friend succeeded in doing or failed doing.
Learn to play the guitar, learn 3 foreign languages, pass an exam in mathematics, sing beautifully at a concert, learn to play tennis,
write a good course paper.
*D) What do you usually do …
… before making a decision?
… before writing an important paper?
… before going to a party?
… before taking an exam?
… after passing an exam successfully?
… after flunking your exam?
… instead of doing some unpleasant thing?
… without having an umbrella on a rainy day?
Exercise 12. Choose the correct form of the Gerund, explain your choice.
1. They must admit (having been made; having made; being made) a mistake. 2. She had a feeling of (laughing; being laughed; having laughed) at.
3. I hate (interrupting; having interrupted; being interrupted).
4. My friend is proud of (having been talked; talking; being talked) to by a famous scientist.
5. Lizzie denies (having spoken; speaking; having been spoken) to Dan yesterday.
6. Lizzie denies (speaking; having spoken; having been spoken) to by the headmaster.
7. Alex objects to (having helped; being helped; helping).
8. The man admits (having driven; having been driven; being driven) the car without a license.
9. Peter doesn’t mind (being waited; waiting; having been waited) for his girlfriend.
10. The minister remembers (having asked; having been asked; asking) an unpleasant question during the interview.
Exercise 13. Continue the sentences using Gerundial Constructions.
§ 11.3.4.
1. I’d like to close the window. – Do you mind my closing the window?
2. John tells her lies. – She hates John’s telling her lies.
3. Mary ignores me. – I don’t like … .
4. I think I will be late for the meeting. – Will you excuse …?
5. His parents treat him like a child. – I don’t approve of … .
6. I think they should take part in the discussion. – I insist on … .
7. Jimmie plays the guitar wonderfully. – His mother enjoys … .
8. You interfere with my business, I don’t like it. – I hate … .
9. Kate passed her exam well. – Can you imagine …?
Exercise 14. Compare the word order in the Objective Infinitive Complex and its Russian translation. § 11.2.6, § 11.1.2.
1 2
We heard children sing (singing) a song.
 |
Мы слышали, что / как дети поют песню.
(чтобы)
Exercise 15. Read the sentences with the Complex Object and translate them into Russian. §11.1.2.
1. He wanted me to read. 2. I would like him to go with us. 3. We know her to have taken part in the conference. 4. I saw him draw this portrait. 5. I heard him come. 6. We watched them play chess. 7. She considered him to be the best actor. 8. Everyone knows the English language to be spoken on the British Isles. 9. In Ireland, one can hear Irish be spoken. 10. One can find Scottish Gaelic to be used in Scotland.
*Exercise 16. Complete the sentences using Complex Object (infinitive with the particle “to”). § 11.1.2
Model:May Helen sit here? No, I don’t want it. – I don’t want her to sit here.
1. He wants the book back. Bring it tomorrow.
2. Can Mary go alone? – No, I don’t like it.
3. He is an honest man. Everybody knows it.
4. Barbie will do this work. Yes, we all expect so.
5. Did Paul take the letter? I don’t remember.
6. Somebody must help him with his English. He expects it.
7. You must not talk about such things in the presence of the children. I don’t like it.
8. I want you for a few minutes. Help me with the computer.
*Exercise 17. Combine the sentences using the Complex Object (infinitive without the particle “to”). § 11.1.2
Model: George came back home late tonight. I saw it. – I saw George come home late tonight.
1. Did Bob close the door? – Yes, she heard it.
2. Bob left the house. – Really? I didn’t hear it.
3. She stayed at home yesterday. They saw that.
4. Does George write compositions? – Yes, I watch the process every time.
5. They went out at eight. We saw it.
6. The students brought their books. The teacher noticed that.
Exercise 18. Pay attention to the Complex Subject and the word order in English and Russian sentences. § 11.1.3
2 1 3
Example: The events are believed to have taken place in the 6th century.
Полагают, что события произошли в 6-м веке.
Exercise 19. Analyse the sentences with the Complex Subject and translate them into Russian. § 11.1.3
1. He seems to be unable to solve this problem. 2. The teacher is thought to be talented by most people. 3. The pupils are sure to be enjoying the lesson. 4. The headmaster is expected to make a speech at the party. 5. I happened to hear this yesterday.
*Exercise 20. Exclude the Complex Subject from the sentences.
Model: The problem is likely to have been solved years ago. – The problem was (probably) solved years ago.
1. He seemed to enjoy the film. 2. The foreign teacher appeared to have been visited by her friends. 3. He was unlikely to know the answer. 4. Such situations seem to be impossible. 5. He is sure to have been there. 6. I happened to be out of town at that time. 7. Everything is sure to turn out all right. 8. The secret was reported to leak out. 9. You were expected to have heard that.
**Exercise 21. Write out Complex Subject Constructions and translate the text.