Act out a dialogue, with Partner A answering to all questions of Partner B but sticking to the logics of the trial he/she has developed.

- When the trial on which you have been a juror is over you should stay in the jury box until an usher asks you to leave the courtroom and return to the jury assembly area.

- You must tell a court official immediately if at any point during the trial you recognise the defendant, a witness, the judge, an advocate or solicitor.

- The judge will clarify the duties of the jury before they go to the jury room to consider their verdict.

- Once the trial begins you will be able to take notes, but you are not allowed to take your notes outside the courtroom or jury room.

- The jury will hear the procecution advocate, witnesses for the prosecution and the defence.

- Once all 12 jurors are in the jury box (also called the bench) the court clerk will call out each name and each member of the jury will be sworn in.

- The prosecution and defence advocates may make their closing speeches nad they will talk directly to the jury as they argue their cases.

- Whilst in the jury room, members of the jury are not allowed to have contact with the outside except by giving a note to the usher.

- The jury will go to the jury room where they have time to discuss the evidence amongst themselves and agree on the verdict.

- Back to the court room, the jury foreman will be asked for the verdict.

 

7. Project. Find additional information about one of the following:

- countries where jury service exists

- requirements to jurors in different countries

- jury system in Russia

- the origin of Jury system

- other interesting/funny facts about juror profession.

Present your short reports to your fellow students.

 

Barristers and Solicitors - Education and Training

?
Do lawyers need good professional education in Russia?

Read the text about education for barristers and solicitors in England and say what stages it includes.

 

Barristers and solicitors have mainly the same academic and initial professional training. The Academic Stage, the first stage of training usually consists of a "Qualifying Law Degree" or a degree in another subject supplemented by the Common Professional Examination (CPE) or an approved Post Graduate Diploma in Law (PgDL) course.

The purpose of the Academic Stage is to ensure that the student has basic legal knowledge, which can be used and built upon at the Vocational Stage.

In addition to the minimum requirement, students must study the seven Foundations of Legal Knowledge, which now form the Academic Stage of Legal Education and which are compulsory if one wants to continue his legal education. The seven Foundation subjects are: Obligations I (Contract), Obligations II (Tort), Criminal Law, Equity and the Law of Trusts, the Law of the European Union, Property Law (Land Law) and Public Law (Constitutional and Administrative Law). In addition, students will also be expected to have appropriate expertise in Legal Research Skills and English Legal System.

After the Common Professional Examination or exemption from it, the prospective barrister or solicitor undergoes vocational training in certain branch of the chosen profession. This will include academic courses as well as a period gaining practical experience as a pupil or trainee. No-one is let loose on clients unsupervised until pupillage or training is complete.

Vocational Courses in England are provided by The Inns of Court Law School and The College of Law (the first of which was originally established by the bar and the second by the solicitors) as well as by a number of other providers, usually Universities.

 

VOCABULARY

To consist (of) – состоять (из)

To supplement – дополнять, добавлять

To ensure – обеспечивать, гарантировать

Vocational – профессиональный

Vocational training – профессиональная подготовка

Compulsory – обязательный

Obligation – долговое обязательство

Tort – гражданское правонарушение

Equity – право справедливости

Expertise – компетентность, специальные знания

Exemption – освобождение

Prospective - будущий

Aw well as – тоже, также

To let loose – отпускать без присмотра

To provide – обеспечивать, предоставлять

 

Tasks

1. Answer the questions:

1) What does the first stage of legal training consist of?

2) What should students study in addition to the minimum requirement?

3) What do seven foundations subjects include?

4) What does the prospective barrister do after the CPE?

5) Can pupils or trainees work with clients unsupervised?

6) What organizations usually provide Vocational courses?

7) What expertise should students have in addition to the seven Foundation subjects?

 

2. Correct the meanings of the sentences according to the text:

1) The prospective barrister or solicitor undergoes vocational training in all the branches of his profession.

2) Students should also study nine Foundations of Legal Knowledge.

3) The academic stage is the last stage of training.

4) The purpose of the academic stage is to provide the student with overall professional knowledge.

5) Vocational courses in England are provided only by the Inns of Court Law School.

6) Pupils and trainees are allowed to deal with clients unsupervised.

7) The seven Foundations of legal knowledge are optional.

 

3. Insert proper prepositions:

1) Students should have appropriate expertise ________ Legal Research.

2) The Academic stage consists ____ a “Qualifying Law Degree” and CPE.

3) ___addition ____minimum requirement students should study other subjects.

4) It is necessary to have vocational training ______ certain branch ___ the chosen profession.

5) Vocational courses are provided ___ many universities.

6) Vocational Stage is built _____ basic legal knowledge.

 

4. Guess what word is defined. The number in brackets shows which letter you should use to build a new word. Can you guess it?

1) Connected with the knowledge or skills that you need for your profession (6)

2) Potential (1)

3) Official permission not to do something (8)

4) That must be done because of a law or a rule (3)

5) The ability to do something well (5)

6) Something which you must do because you have promised (6)

7) To give something to somebody or make it available for use (6)

 

5. Can you give English equivalents to the following phrases:

Долговые обязательства; профессиональные курсы; основные юридические знания; первая ступень обучения; обязательные предметы; продолжить юридическое образование; определенная область выбранной профессии; освобождение от экзамена; так же, как и ряд других университетов; в дополнении к минимальным требованиям.

 

6. Choose a proper word from the list below:

 

Compulsory consist vocational exemption As well as prospective expertise training

 

1) All______________ barristers should work as pupils.

2) Russian, Mathematics, Literature are ___________ for all Russian school children.

3) I plan to get __________ from General Certificate Exam.

4) Many universities ____________ colleges provide ______________ courses for economy students.

5) Russian universities usually ___________ of several faculties.

6) Legal ___________ implies hard work on many subjects.

7) Barristers have to have _____________ in many spheres.

 

7. Write the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first one and contains the word given.

1) She’s now having some professional training. - (vocational)

2) “Qualifying Law Degree” should traditionally be accompanied by “Common Professional Examination”. – (to supplement)

3) We can rely on his excellent knowledge in the Law of Trusts. - (expertise)

4) Mary wants to become a Notary. Her younger sister wants that too. – (as well as).

5) What are your subjects that you must learn by all means, according to your Curriculum? – (compulsory)

6) Who makes Internet connection available? - (to provide)

7) One of the most difficult branches of law is law about buildings, land and other possessions. – (property).

8) We can guarantee that you receive high-quality services. - (to ensure)

 

8.² Listen to the text “Becoming a barrister” and fill in the gaps:

1) First you should undertake a 9-month…….

2) The future lawyers are assigned to ……. with …….

3) After 3 months the lawyers have a right to ……..

4) During the next 6 months a barrister can…..

 

9. Nick Peterson dreams of becoming a lawyer. Can you give him a true picture of what his education process would be like? You may find the following phrases useful: fisrt of all, then, later, finally, after/after you have done smth. Write 5 sentences.

 

10. Discussion:

1) Does obtaining legal education in the UK seem difficult?

2) Do Russian students study the same subjects?

3) What organizations provide legal education in your country?

 

?
Legal Training in the USA

Have you ever taken part in moot court competitions? If you do not know what it is, you can find out from the text.

 

In the USA all applicants should pass a written bar examination before admission to the bar; most jurisdictions also require applicants to pass a separate written ethics examination.

To qualify for the bar examination in most States, an applicant usually must have a college degree and graduate from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) or the proper State authorities. The required college and law school education usually takes 7 years of full-time study after high school – 4 years of undergraduate study, followed by 3 years of law school. Law school applicants must have a bachelor’s degree to qualify for admission. To meet the needs of students who can attend only part time, a number of law schools have night or part-time divisions, which usually require 4 years of study.

Prospective lawyers should develop proficiency in writing and speaking, reading, researching, analyzing, and thinking logically—skills needed to succeed both in law school and in the profession. Regardless of the chosen field of specialization, a multidisciplinary background is recommended. Courses in English, foreign languages, public speaking, government, philosophy, history, economics, mathematics, and computer science, among others, are useful. Students interested in a particular aspect of law may find related courses helpful. For example, prospective patent lawyers need a strong background in engineering or science, and future tax lawyers must have extensive knowledge of accounting.

During the first year or year and a half of law school, students usually study core courses, such as constitutional law, contracts, property law, torts, civil procedure, and legal writing. In the remaining time, they may elect specialized courses in fields such as tax, labor, or corporate law. Law students often acquire practical experience by participating in school-sponsored legal clinic activities; in the school’s moot court competitions, in which students conduct appellate arguments; in practice trials under the supervision of experienced lawyers and judges; and through research and writing on legal issues for the school’s law journal.

 

VOCABULARY

To qualify for – готовиться стать специалистом в какой-либо области; готовиться к какой-либо деятельности

Applicant – кандидат, претендент, заявитель

Undergraduate study – зд. образование первой ступени

Bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра (3-4 года обучения в университете)

To meet smb’s needs – удовлетворить потребности кого-либо

To succeed – достигнуть цели; преуспеть

Regardless of – независимо от; не принимая во внимание

Core courses – ключевые предметы

To acquire practical experience – приобретать практический опыт

Legal clinic – юридические семинары

Moot court - помещение для учебных судебных процессов (в юридических школах)

TASKS

 

1. Answer the questions:

1) What should applicants do before they are admitted to the bar?

2) What degree is necessary to qualify for the bar examination?

3) How many years does a students spend at law school?

4) What have many schools done to meet the needs of part-time students?

5) What skills are needed for success in law school and the profession?

6) What courses can be useful?

7) How can students acquire practical experience?

 

2. Distribute all the words and phrases into 4 columns.

 

Core courses Additional courses Skills Forms of activities
       

 

Writing researching analyzing labour law constitution law

moot court competition Property law practice trials torts tax law computer science legal clinic activities Thinking logically history foreign languages public speaking writing for law journal

 

3. Match the beginning and the end of the sentence:

1) Most jurisdictions require applicants reading, researching, analysing
2) Legal education takes special courses in the related fields
3) Students should have proficiency in help the students.
4) Additional courses may participating in various school’s activities
5) Students may also elect to pass a separate written ethics examination
6) Law students get practical experience by a bachelor’s degree to qualify for admission
7) Those who want to study at law school must have 7 years

 

4. Rewrite the sentences so that the words in brackets are used and the sentences have the same meaning.

1) Prospective lawyers should be good at writing and speaking, researching, thinking logically (proficiency).

2) A multidisciplinary background is desired no matter what field one wants to specialize in. (regardless of)

3) A person who wants to study here must have a college degree (applicant).

4) Future lawyers often get practice by taking part in specially organized competitions (acquire; moot courts).

5) Students participate in trials where they are controlled by lawyer and judges who have good knowledge (supervision; experience).

 

5. Insert a proper word or a phrase so that each sentence makes sense.

1) Mark studies very hard. He wants to _________ in his future profession.

2) You will have compulsory practice trials on Mondays. __ _____ you may work in the library.

3) What do you need to __________ ___ a judge?

4) He entered university last year. He’s an _______________ student.

5) In the USA law students take part in ______ _____ competitions to learn what a real trial may be like.

6) If you study 3 or 4 years at the University, you will get a _____ _____.

7) Theory of state and law, Tort, Criminal law are our _______ subjects.

 

6. ²Bridget Nails is going to be a barrister and is so excited about it that she confused some facts. Read what she has told her friends about legal education. Then listen to the text “Obtaining law degree” and find facts that are not true to what she said. Then check with the key.

 

“… Obtaining a law degree usually takes 6 years. It involves a lot of hard work such as legal research, lots of reading and writing, working in the libraries and computer class. The students have exams every 6 months. Alongside with that students should participate in real court procedures and police investigations.

Besides they have to do a lot of subjects, which are called “eleven areas of practice”. They are criminal law and procedures, torts, contracts, education law, property, evidence and copyright. You should also know economic and finance very well.”

 

Key: Mistakes found

0-2 please listen to the text again!

3-4 try one more time and you will manage!

5-6 not bad, but you can find some more false facts!

7-9 very good. Now you know the true story about getting a law degree

 

7. Discussion.

1) What is the difference between a legal training in the USA and in Russia?

2) Where is it more difficult to acquire legal training – in the UK, the USA or in Russia?

3) Why should students study related fields? How can it help them in future?

4) What additional subject would you choose if you had such a right in your university?

5) Have you ever taken part in legal clinic activities, in moot court competitions or law journal activities?

 

Review

 

1. You have 3 minutes to write as many legal professions as you can.

 

2. ²You will hear 10 sentences about legal professions. Listen and decide what legal profession the speaker belongs to.

 

3. Analysis. Read the text about Andrew Watson and answer the questions using the knowledge about different legal professions you gained from this book:

1) What education does Andrew have? What core courses and special fields did he study?

2) What skills and knowledge does Andrew need for his job?

3) What is “Maurice Blackburn Cashman”?

4) What are Andrew’s main responsibilities in the firm?

5) What country does he live in? How old can Andrew be?

Andrew joined Maurice Blackburn Cashman in November 2004. He has extensive experience in a range of litigation matters as a barrister, industrial advocate and solicitor.

He has extensive knowledge of the Australian industrial relations system, including industrial and employment law, discrimination law, defamation and privacy law.

He is also a former policy advisor to the Minister for Transport and Main Roads in Queensland and a legal and industrial officer for the Transport Workers Union, Queensland Branch.

He has also several years experience as a barrister and solicitor in Victoria and is a former associate to a Federal Court judge. Andrew was admitted to practice in 1989. Andrew supervises a training course for our trainees and articled clerks in various aspects including public liability, industrial law, employment, insurance.

 

4. Solve a cross-word puzzle.

            1 C            
          2 T O R T        
      3 F     U     4 J U R Y
    5 P O W E R     U      
      R     T     D      
  6 B   B           G      
7 M A G I S T R A T E      
  R   D                  
  R       8 T R 9 A I N I N G
  I           T          
  10 S O L I C I T O R      
  T           O          
  E       11 F O R E N S I 12 C
  R           N         A
    13 E N S U R E         S
              Y         E

 

Across
something wrong that somebody does to somebody else that can lead to action in a civil court of law
a group of people who listen to the case in the court and decide about the guilt of a defendant
the ability to control people or things
an official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts of law
the process of learning
a lawyer who prepares legal documents, advises people on legal matters and can speak for them in some courts of law
connected with or used in a court of law
to make sure that something happens

 

down
the place where leagl trials take place and where crimes are judged
to order somebody not to do something
a person in a court of law who has the power to decide about the punishment for the criminals
a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of law
a lawyer (especially in the USA)
a question to be decided in a court of law

 

 

 

 

Библиография