List of Abbreviations
ИСТОРИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Учебник
Второе издание, стереотипное
Москва
Астрель ACT
История английского языка: Учебник/Т.А. Расторгуева. — 2-е изд., стер. — М.: ООО «Издательство Астрель»: ООО "Издательство АСТ", 2003. — 348, [4] с. — На англ. яз.
Учебник охватывает всю программу курса истории английского языка. Каждый раздел снабжен вопросами и упражнениями, контролирующими понимание и стимулирующими самостоятельный анализ фактов языка. Приложена хрестоматия текстов разных эпох с образцами анализа, словарями и переводом.
Предназначен для студентов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков.
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
INTRODUCTION (§ 1-10) 7
Part One. 11
Chapter I SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE HISTORY
(§ 11-31) 11
Chapter II GERMANIC LANGUAGES (§ 32-49) 21
Chapter III LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES
(§ 50-72) 30
Chapter IV CHRONOLOGICAL DIVISIONS IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH. SHORT SURVEY OF PERIODS (§ 73-78) 46
Chapter V OLD ENGLISH. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (§ 79-101) 52
Chapter VI OLD ENGLISH WRITTEN RECORDS (§ 102-110) 61
Chapter VII OLD ENGLISH ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
(§ 111-113) 68
Chapter VIII OLD ENGLISH PHONETICS (§ 114-147) 72
Chapter IX OLD ENGLISH GRAMMAR (§ 148-226) 88
Chapter X OLD ENGLISH VOCABULARY (§ 227-278) 124
Part Two. 142
Chapter XI HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FROM THE 11TH TO 15TH C. LINGUISTIC SITUATION. WRITTEN RECORDS (§ 279-308) 142
Chapter XII DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL LITERARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE (16TH-19TH C.) (§ 309-354) 157
Chapter XIII SPELLING CHANGES IN MIDDLE ENGLISH. RULES OF READING (§ 355-361) 176
Chapter XIV EVOLUTION OF THE SOUND SYSTEM FROM THE 11TH TO 18TH C. (§ 362-417) 182
Chapter XV EVOLUTION OF THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM FROM THE 11TH TO 18TH C. (§ 418-555) 213
Chapter XVI DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY FROM THE 12TH TO 19TH C. (§ 556-626) 285
APPENDIX.. 317
Suggestions for Further Reading. 335
List of Abbreviations
Асc. = Accusative
A. D. = Anno Domini (‘of our era’)
adj = adjective
adv = adverb
Am E = American English
anom. = anomalous
arch. = archaic
art. = article
Br E = British English
c. = century: circa; case
Celt = Celtic
cf. = confer
Comm. = Common
comp. = comparative
conj. = conjunction
Dat. = Dative
decl. = declension
def. = definite
dem. = demonstrative
dial. = dialectal
E = English
e. g. = exempli gratia = for instance
F, Fem. = Feminine
ff. = following (paragraphs)
Fr = French
G = German
Gen. = Genitive
Gt = Gothic
I. e. = id est = that is
IE = Indo-European
Ind. (Mood) = Indicative (Mood)
Indef. = indefinite
inf. = infinitive
Instr. = Instrumental
Ir = Irish
It = Italian
L = Latin
Lith = Lithuanium
lit. = literal(ly)
M. Masc. = Masculine
ME = Middle English
mod. = modern
Mod E = Modern English
n = noun
N, Neut. = Neuter
NE = New English
neg. = negative
NG = North Germanic
Nom. = Nominative
num. = numeral
О = Object
Obj = Objective
obs. = obsolete
OE = Old English
O Fr = Old French
OG = Old Germanic
OHG = Old High German
О Icel = Old Icelandic
О Ind = Old Indian
orig. mean. = original meaning
OS = Old Saxon
О Scand = Old Scandinavian
O Sw = Old Swedish
p. = person
P. = Predicate
Part. = Participle
Pass. = Passive
Pert. = Perfect
pers. = personal
PG = Proto-Germanic
PIE= Proto-Indo-European
pl = plural
Poss. = Possessive
prep. = preposition
Pres. = Present
pret.-pres. = preterite-present
pron. = pronoun
prop. = proper
R = Russian
rel. (to) = related (to)
S = Subject
Sanskr = Sanskrit
sg = singular
Sp = Spanish str. = strong
Subj. (Mood) = Subjunctive (Mood)
superl. = superlative.
Sw = Swedish
v = verb
w = weak
WG = West Germanic
WS = West Saxon