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Organic chemistry is an extremely interesting field of natural science and of great technological significance. The overwhelming majority of chemists prove to be engaged in producing organic compounds; several millions being known so far.

In view of their obvious success in the manufacture of synthetic compounds, the chemists are greatly interested in this field of science.

The name organic chemistry, which was originally used to refer to the chemistry of substances that occur in living organisms, is now used for the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. The chemistry of carbon was greatly advanced about a century ago through the development of a general structure theory, this theory being a chemical theory, in­duced from chemical facts.

In recent years it has received added verification through the determination of exact structures of molecules and crys­tals by physical methods, especially X-ray diffraction, elec­tron diffraction, and the analysis of the spectra of sub­stances.

Vocabulary

1. overwhelming – всеобъемлющий, всеохватывающий
2. majority – большинство
3. to be engaged – быть занятым

4. verification - подтверждение

5. correlation - исправление

6. lubricant – смазывающее вещество

7. exhaust gas – выхлопной газ

8. valuable - ценный

9. to reduce - уменьшать

10. to damage - вредить

11. recent - недавний

12. poisonous – вредный, ядовитый

13. to prevent - предотвращать

14. to be responsible for – отвечать за

15. to prove - доказывать

16. to occur - встречаться

17. advanced - передовой

18. diamond - бриллиант

19. ability - способность

20. to dissolve - растворять

21. pressure - давление

22. to reach – достигать

 

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Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is organic chemistry? 2. Why are the scientists interested in the field of organic chemistry? 3. What does the name organic chemistry refer to? 4. When was the chem­istry of carbon advanced? 5. What phenomenon was found during the first half of the 19th century? 6. Where does carbon occur? 7. In what form does carbon occur in nature? 8. What gases does carbon form during its burning? 9. What properties of carbon monoxide do you know? 10. What pro­perties of carbon dioxide do you know? 11. What does car­bon dioxide form combining with water? 12. What are very important atmospheric contaminants?